Accident

Use in the book

The report about Aristotle calls soul unmoved but allows it to participate in motion incidentally. Shapes and boundaries supply the analogy: they move when the bodies whose shapes or boundaries they are move. This distinction concerns the way motion is attributed, not an unpredictable mishap.

Places to read

1. I.49.7bSoul participates in motion incidentally, like shapes and boundaries belonging to bodies.

Translation in this edition

Render the phrase “incidentally” where it modifies a predicate. The English noun “accident” can otherwise suggest chance or misfortune.

Use in the book

Conditions, attributes and indirect effects

Discontent, care and misery are an “inseparable accident” of human life. Burton moves from the fable in which Care owns human beings during their lives to a direct claim that vulnerability itself can cause suffering. An inseparable accident here is an accompanying condition; it is not a contradiction meaning an unforeseeable event that must happen. An earlier classification calls natural melancholy an almost inseparable accompaniment of old age, contrasting acquired illness and retaining the important almost. The old-age section later reports Rhazes’s “necessary and inseparable accident,” supported by Burton’s account of humoral ageing and the abrupt ending of an active life. Its universal ageing claims remain historical generalizations.

The diet discussion makes another distinction: food and drink may be faulty in substance or accidents, which Burton immediately specifies as quantity, quality and similar attributes. Diet supplies the bodily material and nourishment of illness; accidents here are features of that diet, not incidents occurring during a meal. In the astronomical digression, whether light is a substance or accident is left as a question. The next question asks whether the stars are hot in themselves or cause heat by accident. A nonessential property and an indirect production of heat are related but distinguishable uses. The questions do not establish Burton’s final position on light or stellar heat.

Secondary effects also matter to the faculty account. Burton decides that melancholy first affects imagination and subsequently reason, depending on duration. Saxonia’s added qualification says that belief, opinion, discursive thought and reasoning are impaired by accident through imagination’s failure. The adverb accidentally has consequential, not chance, force here; the marginal ex Accidenti supports it. This is a claim about the route of impairment, not an assertion that reasoning always fails.

Crusius’s formulation that melancholy is cold in itself but hot by accident distinguishes a thing’s own nature from an incidental condition associated with an inflamed brain. The Latin “calida per accidens, frigida per se” is followed by Burton’s English gloss, then his explicit preference for Capivaccius. It would be wrong to turn the reported Crusius statement into Burton’s unqualified conclusion. The treatment chapter later includes essential and accidental melancholic diseases, rendered primary and secondary; the immediate context does not spell out a complete taxonomy for this pair.

The same Latin phrase does different work elsewhere. Hare is said to make a person merry “per accidens”: Burton shifts the explanation from the meat to the hunt, good company and pleasant talk. In defending the qualified toleration of public amusements, he first concedes that evil must not be done so that good may result, then calls the evil “per accidens” and allows toleration to prevent a greater harm. That is a moral distinction between an activity and its associated circumstances. The preceding quotation is assigned to John of Salisbury, but the supplied apparatus identifies a reversed comparison in Burton’s handling of it; Burton’s local argument must therefore remain distinct from John’s exact view.

Symptoms and acquired conditions

Melanchthon recommends knowledge of a disease’s accidents, meaning its manifestations and attendant disorders; the margin’s reference to a particular internal organ is less general than the body’s recommendation. The Second Partition synopsis then lists correctors of accidents, beginning with remedies to procure sleep. The full treatment subsection specifies sleeplessness, fearful dreams and facial flushing that remain after other measures. These are accompanying symptoms requiring their own attention, not random injuries. The preparations and procedures belong to historical medicine, not present advice.

Crato’s Latin instruction that the soul’s accidentia should be corrected gives the word an emotional application: affections or changes experienced by the soul. Burton makes them the source and underlying matter of melancholy, with the strong word “alone,” then traces bodily effects of anger, sorrow and fear. This local emphasis should be retained alongside the work’s many other causal schemes rather than made into a consistent exclusive cause for the whole book.

Other Latin forms sharpen the emotional sense. “Ex animi accidente” describes an emotional disturbance from which an illness may arise; the marginal proposal is to introduce contrary news that moves the patient to joy, while the body also describes driving out one fear or grief with another. In the definition of intense desire, “Animi forte accidens” is a powerful condition of the mind, compared with hunters’ absorption in sport and misers’ craving for riches. Here forte means powerful and agrees with accidens; it does not mean by chance. These physiological and therapeutic claims remain attributed historical arguments.

When bodily impairments are either innate or accidentall, the latter means acquired. Burton’s purpose is consolation: he argues that bodily difference does not reduce moral or intellectual worth, and goes further by claiming it can enhance the soul. Acquired does not by itself identify the means of acquisition or imply an accidental injury. Likewise, Fracastorius’s definition distinguishes an established incapacity from disturbances that accidently come and go after substances such as wine, henbane or nightshade; duration and dependence on an occasion are central.

An outward occurrence and a continuing internal condition need not coincide. Even when free from fears of external events, the sufferer can remain apprehensive about the body. Burton’s “accidentall distemper” belongs to that account, which also preserves Jacchinus’s claim that judgement and conduct can be sound in other respects. A “ferall accident” can trigger a severe fit only once, or at widely separated intervals; other sufferers have different courses. Later, the “strange accidents” of fasting are resulting effects in the Cardano-associated account, whose English list includes prophecies and paradoxes while the marginal Latin gives stubborn conviction and does not repeat the list exactly.

Occasions, contingency and events

The causal heading coordinates non-necessary, remote, outward, adventitious and accidental. The explanation allows many such causes to overlap with unavoidable ones; it also prints “contingent and inevitable” where the classification might lead a reader to expect avoidable. The edition preserves that tension. The first ill accident is a bad wet nurse, treated as an external misfortune under inherited theories about milk. Education is another accidental cause: both excessively severe and excessively indulgent upbringing can be blamed, so the category does not simply oppose all intentional acts. Later the labyrinth of accidental causes supplies a metaphor for the writer’s task: each contingency opens another side path, and Burton chooses only a few chief examples, beginning with separation and loss of friends.

The event noun can point backwards to a cause or forwards to an effect. In Plater’s Basel story, “by which accident” refers to a corpse’s movement after a thrown stone; the child then interprets that movement as pursuit. Sudden fires or other terrifying sights can produce panic, whereas the “feral accidents” following the noose-and-gold tale are deadly outcomes attributed to want and poverty. “Dismal accidents” can also be ominous events that stir superstitious fear; Burton says imagination, fear and the Devil’s craft can bring feared harms about, and that disregarding the omens would prevent them. The adjoining prediction account also invokes God’s permission, not unrestricted astrological necessity. “Irksome Accidents” extends to an unhappy marriage, a continuing circumstance, while Burton also recognizes marriage’s happiness when the partners agree.

The event sense is broader than harm. Socrates’s unchanged countenance is reported whatever good or bad accident befalls him. Conversely, life may be cut short by a violent accident before its natural heat and moisture expire; an accidentally received thigh wound is reported by Schenck as relieving melancholy through bleeding. The latter is a reported chance injury with a claimed favourable consequence, not a direction to injure oneself. In jealousy, external accidents and circumstances can provoke suspicion even when both partners are innocent. That explicit innocence qualification prevents occasion from becoming proof of wrongdoing.

The word also belongs to friendship and consolation. Companions recall past “accidents” with pleasure; an “accidentall occasion,” such as common country, study, service or adversity, can unite people whose dispositions otherwise differ. In the comparison of rich and poor, “accidents of fortune” are outward circumstances distinguished from natural endowments; Cardano’s marginal healthier is broader in Burton’s English better. When an event cannot be remedied, Burton recommends handling it like an unwanted throw of the dice: skill remains possible in the response. Premeditation similarly aims to make misfortunes familiar; the Ulysses example concerns his living wife, not her death. The closing advice on despair again adjusts counsel to the person and cause, and directs attention away from an identified painful occasion.

A genuine chance sense also appears at the work’s opening: accidental collision of atoms or sunbeam-like motes in Burton’s sweeping description of atomism. He introduces the account to explain what readers might wrongly expect from his assumed name. His grouping of Democritus, Epicurus, Leucippus, Copernicus and Bruno does not demonstrate that every named thinker held every listed doctrine.

Chance and circumstance also organize Burton’s own writing. He ranks authors “per accidens,” as memory suggests, rather than chronologically, and may therefore put modern writers before ancient ones. The political-body comparison calls an unfavourable location, lack of water or allegedly unhealthy air an “accidental inconvenience,” distinguishing a community’s circumstances from its own failings. In the spirit discussion, “accidental rankness” supplies one competing natural explanation of green circles: exceptional fertility in the ground, alongside a falling meteor, instead of the reported elves’ dances. None of these expressions by itself means an event has no cause.

Several reported examples require their particular speakers and limits. Burgravius’s blood-lamp allegedly displays all the “accidents” or changes of its donor’s life; Burton immediately rejects such wonders. The “miraculous accident” in the antimony account is Mattioli’s reported observation, not Burton’s eyewitness claim or proof of supernatural intervention, and Burton interrupts the praise with a severe reservation about the medicine. In Aristaenetus, Speusippus sees Panareta dancing “by accident”: the chance belongs to his encounter. Dido and Aeneas are “accidentally” driven into one cave in Burton’s brief marriage example, whose description is more settled than the poem’s disputed union. These literary and medical reports illustrate uses without establishing the stories as facts.

“Accidents” can simply mean events whose cause is being discussed. The astronomical digression asks for the causes of phenomena above ground; Scaliger’s question about the stars assigns a fortuitous arrangement to Epicurus. In the religious discussion, “future accidents” are events yet to come: Burton questions the alleged Sibylline predictions and attacks astrologers who treat stars as direct, inevitable causes of all such events. He also reports and condemns Vanini’s natural explanations; that account rejects spirits while retaining celestial intelligences, rather than rejecting every incorporeal agent. The noun does not by itself decide between chance, necessity, nature or providence.

Related entries

Cause; Equivocation; Adventitious; Consent and essence; Matter; Habit and disposition; Symptom; Contingence; Friendship (future article); Recreation (future article); Fear; Despair; Fortune (future article)

Places to read

1. · paragraph 2–4: Chance collision in the reported atomist catalogue and the warning about the assumed name
2. · paragraph 5–7: Authors ordered as recollection suggests; translation and revision openly described
3. · paragraph 1–6: Changes in the political body and disadvantages of circumstance
4. · paragraph 17: The marginal warning about an unexpected, potentially preventable event
5. · paragraph 21–23: Established incapacity distinguished from passing, substance-induced disturbance
6. · paragraph 35–36: Natural decline interrupted by a violent occurrence
7. · paragraph 22–27: Secondary impairment through imagination, followed by the almost-inseparable old-age qualification
8. · paragraph 17–19: Exceptional fertility as one competing explanation of fairy circles
9. · paragraph 27–29: Rhazes’s necessary and inseparable condition within historical ageing theory
10. · paragraph 31–33: Dietary attributes distinguished from substance
11. · paragraph 42–44: Hare’s claimed merriment explained through hunting, company and conversation
12. · paragraph 6–8: Discontent as an inseparable accompaniment of human life
13. · paragraph 3–5: An attributed dreadful occurrence; Latin almost killed differs from the English restatement
14. · paragraph 24–26[sequence; printed 142]: Non-necessary causes, the contingent/inevitable tension and a bad wet nurse
15. · paragraph 39[sequence; printed 144]: Upbringing as an accidental cause, with excessive severity and indulgence both included
16. · paragraph 10–17: Frightening events, actual corpse movement versus the child’s interpretation, and sudden fires
17. · paragraph 10–12: The prison margin adds stench and lamentation to bodily restraint
18. · paragraph 1–3: The labyrinth of circumstantial causes and the writer’s selective survey
19. · paragraph 43–45: Deadly outcomes attributed to want and loss, with personal and collective examples
20. · paragraph 1–7: Ominous events, feared predictions, belief, demonic craft and divine permission
21. · paragraph 36–37: An unhappy marriage as a continuing circumstance, beside marriage’s conditional happiness
22. · paragraph 21–23: Crusius’s per accidens/per se contrast, followed by Burton’s differing preference
23. · paragraph 43–45: Disease manifestations in the body; an unnamed internal organ in the Latin margin
24. · paragraph 48–51: External fears distinguished from persistent bodily apprehension and otherwise sound judgement
25. · paragraph 11–13: A dreadful event as one trigger among differing courses and frequencies
26. · paragraph 23–25, unnumbered Second Partition synopsis: The treatment synopsis lists remedies for accompanying symptoms
27. · paragraph 31–33: Questions about the causes of events and natural phenomena
28. · paragraph 9–11: The question of fortuitous stellar arrangement, assigned to Epicurus
29. · paragraph 3–5: Open questions about substance/property and intrinsic/incidental heat
30. · paragraph 47–49: Past events recalled with pleasure among companions
31. · paragraph 17–20: Qualified toleration of amusements; Burton’s use of John of Salisbury kept distinct
32. · paragraph 8–9: Changes allegedly registered by the blood-lamp, followed by Burton’s rejection
33. · paragraph 4–6: Crato’s instruction concerning affections of the soul and the strong local claim of sole causation
34. · paragraph 29–31: Emotional disturbance and contrary news in the margin, with the wider historical treatment context
35. · paragraph 37–39: Innate and acquired impairments in consolation concerning human worth
36. · paragraph 35–37: Outward circumstances of fortune; healthier in the margin, better in the body
37. · paragraph 2–4: Unavoidable events and skilful response, under an explicit inability-to-remedy condition
38. · paragraph 27–29: The adversity maxim’s had-happened form and its biographical restatement
39. · paragraph 1–3[sequence 340]–341: Death and bereavement as especially bitter events; exceptional page numbering retained
40. · paragraph 28–30: Premeditation of misfortune and the living-wife qualification in the Ulysses example
41. · paragraph 22–24: Socrates’s reported composure under both good and bad fortune
42. · paragraph 1–4: Accidisse in transmitted testimony and Mattioli’s marvellous recovery, with Burton’s reservation
43. · paragraph 24–26: Essential and accidental disease, rendered primary and secondary in the edition
44. · paragraph 33–35: Residual accompanying symptoms requiring correction
45. · paragraph 16–18: A reported chance wound and claimed relief through blood loss, within historical treatment
46. · paragraph 10–12: Circumstances of friendship that may unite differing dispositions
47. · paragraph 48–50, sequence [446 printed 246]: A powerful condition of the mind in the Latin marginal definition of intense desire
48. · paragraph 37–39: A chance encounter with Panareta dancing in Aristaenetus’s literary example
49. · paragraph 36–38: An unfortunate wound in romance, with love’s defiance of death
50. · paragraph 32–34: Dido and Aeneas’s chance encounter and Burton’s compressed marriage example
51. · paragraph 6–8: Circumstances that intensify jealousy
52. · paragraph 60–62: External occasions that may provoke suspicion even when both partners are innocent
53. · paragraph 7–9: Reported effects of fasting; the body and marginal list differ
54. · paragraph 14–16: Future events in the disputed Sibylline predictions
55. · paragraph 35–37: Cyprian’s competing religious explanation of calamities and the verb happen
56. · paragraph 20–23: Future events, rejected stellar necessity and Vanini’s reported natural explanations
57. · paragraph 12–14: Misfortunes that may lead to despair; doubts belong to the reported sufferers
58. · paragraph 13–15: Consolation fitted to the person and the particular cause
59. : An identified painful incident and the conditional redirection of attention

In this edition

Five contrasting renderings show the importance of local context: “inseparable accident” becomes “inseparable condition”; “accidental causes,” “incidental causes”; “accidents,” “accompanying symptoms” in the full synopsis phrase; “an accident,” “an accidental property”; and “accidentall,” “acquired” in the innate/acquired contrast. Chance mishap is not the controlling sense in these five examples, although it is a genuine sense elsewhere.

“By accident” is “indirectly” and “incidentally” within the full heating question. The Latin and Burton’s English restatement of secondary heat are separately retained. Accidentia in Crato’s instruction becomes “affections of the soul” as a construction with animæ, not through the noun alone. Note translations belong to the supplied editor even when they follow original quotation in Burton-labelled notes. The synopsis locator is unnumbered matter at, not.

Related Latin verb forms of accidere mean happen or occur, and must not be mechanically translated as happen accidentally. The state-body analogy uses accidunt for changes; a planning maxim uses accidit for an unexpected occurrence, with unexpected supplied by præter opinionem. The narrative opening “Accidit hodie terribilis casus” makes the event dreadful and places it today through the surrounding words. In the prison margin, ad has miserias accidit is rendered added to these miseries. Accidere also appears within a claim of divine permission; accidunt occurs in Cyprian’s competing theological explanation of calamities. Accidisset and accidisse supply further inflected forms in the adversity maxim and the reported antimony testimony. These are related lookup forms, not evidence that every event discussed is a mishap.

accidens · local use 1

Printed “accidens” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

An attendant condition or attribute.

Context: The Rhazes-associated margin calls the condition necessary and inseparable in the decrepit. Necessity and inseparability are separate predicates, not the meaning of the noun by itself.

Source: Burton note original

Source wording, Original wording: Necessarium accidens decrepitis, et inseparabile

Modern rendering: A necessary and inseparable condition of the decrepit

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole Latin sentence; condition corresponds to accidens, with the other terms separately expressed

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of the original marginal quotation

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation in a Burton-labelled marginal container; not original Burton English.

accidens · accidentia

Printed “accidentia” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Disorders or conditions affecting something.

Context: The Melanchthon-associated margin refers to this internal organ without naming it; Burton’s body broadens the recommendation to the disease’s manifestations.

Source: Burton note original

Source wording, Original wording: hujus visceris accidentia

Modern rendering: the disorders of this internal organ

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole genitive construction; disorders is accidentia and of this internal organ is hujus visceris

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of the original marginal quotation

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation in a Burton-labelled marginal container; not original Burton English.

accidens · accidente

Printed “accidente” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

A disturbance or affection; ablative of accidens.

Context: The margin proposes contrary news that moves the patient to joy when the illness arose from emotional disturbance, misfortune or loss. The surrounding body also allows competing fears or griefs; it is a historical therapy.

Source: Burton note original

Source wording, Original wording: ex animi accidente

Modern rendering: from an emotional disturbance

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole prepositional phrase; ex supplies from and animi the mental/emotional qualification

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of the original marginal quotation

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation in a Burton-labelled marginal container; not original Burton English.

accidens · local use 2

Printed “accidens” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

A condition or affection.

Context: The Savonarola-associated marginal definition concerns intense desire and compares lovers with hunters and misers. Animi supplies of the mind and forte supplies powerful; forte here is an adjective agreeing with accidens, not the adverb by chance.

Source: Burton note original

Source wording, Original wording: Animi forte accidens

Modern rendering: A powerful condition of the mind

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole noun phrase; condition is accidens, powerful forte and of the mind Animi

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of the original marginal quotation

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation in a Burton-labelled marginal container; not original Burton English.

Source page qualification: Original note: sequence [printed 246].

accident · local use 1

Printed “accident” (English; word).

A property that does not constitute the thing’s substance.

Context: Burton poses a question about light, without here resolving it.

Source: original body

Source wording: a substance or an accident

accident · local use 2

Printed “accident” (English; word).

An occurrence of either good or bad fortune.

Context: Aelian-attributed example of Socrates’s constancy.

Source: original body

Source wording: whatsoever good or bad accident or fortune befel him

accident · local use 3

Printed “accident” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

An occurrence, here the actual movement of a suspended corpse after a stone strikes it.

Context: In Plater’s reported case that movement frightens the children; the girl’s belief that the corpse pursues her is a further interpretation. By which accident is causal/anaphoric, not simply the idiom by chance.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: by which accident, the children affrighted ran away

Modern rendering: Frightened by this, the children ran away

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole causal construction, rendered anaphorically by this; no isolated modern event noun is present

accidental

Printed “accidental” (English; word).

Occurring by chance, in the reported atomist account of world formation.

Context: Burton’s catalogue of expectations disclaimed for his own book; attributions grouped broadly.

Source: original body

Source wording: an accidental collision of Motes in the Sun

accidental causes · local use 1

Printed “accidental causes” (English; phrase_or_family).

Circumstantial causes grouped as non-necessary, with acknowledged overlap and printed inconsistency.

Context: Burton’s methodological explanation; contingent and inevitable is retained.

Source: original body

Locator qualification: Preserve sequence and printed-number distinction exactly.

Source wording: Many of these accidental causes

accidental causes · local use 2

Printed “accidental causes” (English; phrase_or_family).

Causes arising from diverse circumstances, whose multiplicity structures the labyrinth metaphor.

Context: Burton deliberately selects a few chief causes rather than all possible contingencies.

Source: original body

Source wording: this Labyrinth of accidental causes

accidental fires

Printed “accidental fires” (English; phrase).

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: accidental fires

Fires that break out accidentally.

Context: Burton places them alongside enemy incursions as sources of sudden night alarms and panic; effects may be temporary or lifelong.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: fires accidentally start

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole noun phrase rendered as a finite clause; start is supplied in making the event explicit

Supplied words: start

accidental inconvenience

Printed “accidental inconvenience” (English; phrase).

A disadvantage arising from circumstances.

Context: Burton’s political-body analogy distinguishes a community’s own failings from disadvantages of location, climate, infertility, water supply or allegedly unhealthy air. These are historical geographical judgements.

Source: original body

Source wording: some accidental inconvenience

accidental rankness

Printed “accidental rankness” (English; phrase).

A chance or incidental patch of luxuriant growth or fertility.

Context: An explanation attributed to others competes with the report of elves’ dances. Burton presents alternatives; he does not settle the circles’ origin here.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: some accidental rankness of the ground

Modern rendering: some chance patch of exceptional fertility in the soil

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole phrase including of the ground; rankness supplies fertility, accidental the incidental or chance qualification

accidentall · local use 1

Printed “accidentall” (English; word).

Acquired rather than present at birth, without specifying the means of acquisition.

Context: Burton’s consolation concerning bodily impairments and moral/intellectual worth.

Source: original body

Source wording: be they innate or accidentall

accidentall · local use 2

Printed “accidentall” (English; word).

Secondary rather than primary, qualifying melancholic disease in the edition’s rendering.

Context: Burton’s reported historical treatment practice; no fuller taxonomy stated locally.

Source: original body

Source wording: whether essentiall or accidentall

accidentall · local use 3

Printed “accidentall” (English; word).

Occurring by chance or unintentionally; wound is the separate noun, and the claimed benefit belongs to the surrounding narrative.

Context: Schenck’s anecdote; body says thigh and margin leg, with no present treatment endorsement.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: an accidentall wound in his thigh

Modern rendering: an accidental wound in his thigh

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole accidental-wound construction: accidentall is accidental; wound, thigh and the possessor are separately expressed.

accidentall · local use 4

Printed “accidentall” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Fortuitous or haphazard.

Context: The question about stellar arrangement is reported through Scaliger and assigns fortuitousness to Epicurus. It is not Burton’s final cosmological explanation.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: fortuita, or accidentall

Modern rendering: fortuitous,” or accidental

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: the original Latin adjective and separate English gloss are both retained in the modern version

accidentall distemper

Printed “accidentall distemper” (English; phrase).

An incidental bodily disturbance.

Context: This accompanies wind and disordered imagination in the account of persistent distress. Jacchinus’s qualification preserves otherwise sound judgement and conduct, except for the described fear.

Source: original body

Source wording: some accidentall distemper

accidentall occasion

Printed “accidentall occasion” (English; phrase).

An occasion or circumstance arising from people’s situation.

Context: Shared country, study, military service, adversity or affinity can bring people together despite different dispositions and continuing disagreement, particularly against a third party.

Source: original body

Source wording: some such accidentall occasion

accidentally · local use 1

Printed “accidentally” (English; word).

Indirectly, through another faculty’s defect rather than by chance.

Context: Belief, opinion, discursive thought and reasoning are the affected subjects.

Source: original body

Source wording: are all accidentally depraved by the default of imagination

accidentally · local use 2

Printed “accidentally” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

By chance or through a contingent occurrence.

Context: The causal classification explicitly describes events happening accidentally and unawares; the latter separately adds unexpectedness. Its avoidable/unavoidable tension is retained.

Source: original body

Locator qualification: Preserve sequence and printed-number distinction exactly.

Source wording, Original wording: though accidentally, and unawares

Modern rendering: accidentally and unexpectedly

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole paired adverbial construction; unexpectedly corresponds to unawares

accidentally · local use 3

Printed “accidentally” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

By chance.

Context: Burton’s brief Dido-and-Aeneas example supports rapid marriage; the supplied apparatus notes that the poem has Dido call the union marriage and Aeneas later dispute a compact.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: accidentally driven by a storm

Modern rendering: driven by chance in a storm

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole verbal construction; by chance corresponds to accidentally

accidentia

Printed “accidentia” (Latin; word).

Affections or changes experienced by something; animæ supplies the particular reference to the soul.

Context: Crato’s instruction as reported by Burton, followed by an exclusive causal emphasis.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: animæ accidentia corrigantur

Modern rendering: let the affections of the soul be corrected

Word and construction: Accidentia contributes affections; animæ supplies of the soul and corrigantur let them be corrected.

Alignment scope: Whole genitive and passive-command construction: accidentia supplies affections, animæ supplies of the soul, and corrigantur supplies let... be corrected.

accidently

Printed “accidently” (English; word).

Incidentally or through a particular occasion. Coming and going are stated by the surrounding predicates, not by the adverb alone.

Context: Fracastorius’s duration qualification; substances are offered as causes.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: such as accidently come & go again

Modern rendering: passing disturbances that arise accidentally and disappear again

Alignment convention

Supplied words: passing disturbances

Alignment scope: Whole stated construction: accidently contributes accidentally; arise and disappear render come and go, and passing disturbances is a supplied explicit referent.

accidents · Accidents

Printed “Accidents” (English; word).

Attributes of diet, expressly including quantity and quality, distinguished from substance.

Context: Burton explains diet’s causal role with a Fernel-based material account.

Source: original body

Source wording: in Substance, or Accidents, that is, Quantity, quality

accidents · local use 1

Printed “accidents” (English; word).

A disease’s manifestations or attendant disorders.

Context: Melanchthon’s reported recommendation; margin is more specifically organ-related.

Source: original body

Source wording: to know the accidents of it

accidents · local use 2

Printed “accidents” (English; word).

Accompanying symptoms requiring corrective treatment.

Context: Second Partition synopsis, beginning with sleep remedies.

Source: original body

Source wording: Correctors of accidents

accidents · local use 3

Printed “accidents” (English; word).

Residual accompanying symptoms, including sleeplessness, fearful dreams and flushing.

Context: Burton distinguishes these from the preceding broader humoral treatments.

Source: original body

Source wording: certain accidents to be corrected and amended

accidents · local use 4

Printed “accidents” (English; word).

Occurrences or circumstances; external or adventitious is the force of the separate adjective adventitious.

Context: Burton expressly allows both partners’ innocence.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: other adventitious accidents and circumstances

Modern rendering: other external accidents and circumstances

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole coordinated noun phrase; external corresponds to adventitious, accidents to accidents, circumstances to circumstances.

accidents · local use 5

Printed “accidents” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Events or occurrences, here phenomena in the natural world.

Context: Burton asks for a true cause if possible, moving from underground questions to events, meteors and alterations above ground. His questions are not settled findings.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: such accidents, Meteors, alterations

Modern rendering: the events, atmospheric phenomena, and changes

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole enumeration; atmospheric phenomena is Meteors and changes is alterations

accidents · local use 6

Printed “accidents” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Past events or occurrences recalled in conversation.

Context: Old companions are said to recall youthful affairs with pleasure; the next turn concerns gambling. The occurrence noun is not intrinsically adverse.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: such like accidents, which happened in their younger yeares

Modern rendering: events that happened in their younger days

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole relative construction; events carries the indexed noun’s contribution

accidents · local use 7

Printed “accidents” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Changes or occurrences in a person’s life or condition.

Context: Burgravius’s alleged blood-lamp tracks bodily and mental states and supposedly expires with its donor. Burton’s next paragraph rejects such wonders as vain and prodigious.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: all the accidents of this life

Modern rendering: all the changes in that person’s life

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole noun construction; modern that person makes the individual donor explicit

accidents · local use 8

Printed “accidents” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Occurrences or events.

Context: Death and bereavement are locally called the harshest and bitterest events. Those evaluations come from the surrounding adjectives; the noun does not itself mean death.

Source: original body

Locator qualification: Do not remove bracketed or repeated-page qualifier.

Source wording, Original wording: the most austere and bitter accidents

Modern rendering: the harshest and most bitter events

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole qualified noun phrase; events translates accidents

accidents · local use 9

Printed “accidents” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Misfortunes or adverse occurrences.

Context: Burton recommends diversion or prior mental preparation. The Ulysses example contrasts an unexpected encounter with the dog and prepared composure with his living wife; it is not her death.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: make such accidents familiar

Modern rendering: make such misfortunes familiar

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole imperative construction; misfortunes is the local noun rendering

accidents · local use 10

Printed “accidents” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Circumstances or occasions.

Context: Time, place, people and events arising from the partners or others intensify jealousy. This complements the later explicit possibility of both partners’ innocence.

Source: original body

Source wording: such like accidents or occasions

accidents · local use 11

Printed “accidents” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Effects or resulting occurrences.

Context: In the Cardano-associated fasting account Burton lists dreams, superstition, prophetic claims and madness. The body adds prophecies and uses paradoxes where the margin has stubborn conviction; the reports remain historical and polemical.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: what strange accidents proceed from fasting

Modern rendering: what strange effects arise from fasting

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole causal construction; effects is the local noun rendering

Accidents · local use 1

Printed “Accidents” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Occurrences or events.

Context: Burton objects to astrologers’ claim to predict all future events as if stars were their direct, inevitable causes. Future is a separate modifier; the vocabulary itself does not settle causation.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: all future Accidents

Modern rendering: all future events

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole qualified noun phrase; future and all remain separate qualifiers

Accidents · local use 2

Printed “Accidents” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Events or occurrences.

Context: Burton reports and condemns Vanini’s broad reference of events and religious changes to natural causes. The continuation retains celestial intelligences while saying he rejects spirits, so the view is not simply denial of all incorporeal agency.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: Miracles, Oracles, Accidents, Alterations of Religions

Modern rendering: miracles, oracles, events, changes of religions

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole enumeration; events corresponds to Accidents

accidents of fortune

Printed “accidents of fortune” (English; phrase).

Outward circumstances of one’s condition, contrasted with natural endowments.

Context: Burton compares poverty and riches; the Cardano margin calls beggars’ children generally healthier, whereas the body says generally better. The difference must remain visible.

Source: original body

Source wording: those accidents of fortune

accidere · accidunt · local use 1

Printed “accidunt” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Occur or happen; present plural of accidere.

Context: The Botero-attributed marginal analogy transfers changes of body and mind to the commonwealth. The verb itself does not declare the changes causeless or unintended.

Source: Burton note original

Source wording, Original wording: variæ accidunt mutationes corporis, animique

Modern rendering: various changes of body and mind occur

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole subject/verb construction; mutationes is changes, accidunt is occur

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of the original marginal quotation

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation in a Burton-labelled marginal container; not original Burton English.

accidere · accidit · local use 1

Printed “accidit” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Happens or occurs; present singular of accidere.

Context: The Seyssel-attributed warning concerns failure to anticipate preventable events in governing a state. Unexpected belongs to præter opinionem, not to accidit alone.

Source: Burton note original

Source wording, Original wording: quod præter opinionem accidit

Modern rendering: something unexpected happens

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole relative construction; unexpected translates præter opinionem, while happens translates accidit

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of the original marginal quotation

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation in a Burton-labelled marginal container; not original Burton English.

accidere · Accidit

Printed “Accidit” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Happened; in this narrative the event is placed today.

Context: The account is assigned to Augustine and relates violence following drunkenness. The supplied apparatus questions the attribution and distinguishes Latin almost killed from Burton’s English killed.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: Accidit hodie terribilis casus

Modern rendering: A terrible event happened today

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole clause; terrible event is terribilis casus and today is hodie, not part of the verb’s lexical meaning

accidere · accidit · local use 2

Printed “accidit” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Comes in addition or is added, in the local construction with ad has miserias.

Context: The Lucian-associated margin adds stench, lamentation and short sleep to prisoners’ bodily restraints. It is the printed accidit, not a conjectural substitution of another Latin verb.

Source: Burton note original

Source wording, Original wording: ad has miserias accidit corporis fætor

Modern rendering: Added to these miseries are the body’s stench

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: opening portion of the larger coordinated construction; are anticipates further subjects in the complete list

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of the original marginal quotation

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation in a Burton-labelled marginal container; not original Burton English.

accidere

Printed “accidere” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

To happen or occur.

Context: In Burton’s Chrysostom-attributed sentence God permits the event because people fear the demon. Divine permission is supplied by Deus... permittit, not contained in the infinitive alone.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: Deus ideo permittit accidere

Modern rendering: God therefore allows it to happen

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole clause; it is supplied as the understood event-object in English

Supplied words: it

accidere · accidisset

Printed “accidisset” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Had happened; a pluperfect subjunctive form of accidere.

Context: The Latin general maxim calls the person with no adversity unhappy. Burton’s surrounding English turns it into a claim about Demetrius’s own life, a difference identified by the supplied apparatus.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: nihil unquam accidisset adversi

Modern rendering: nothing adverse has ever happened

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole clause; nothing adverse is nihil... adversi and ever is unquam

accidere · accidisse

Printed “accidisse” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

To have happened; perfect infinitive of accidere.

Context: A quoted witness’s knowledge of other recoveries is transmitted through Mattioli. The first person belongs to that cited testimony, not to Burton.

Source: Burton note original

Source wording, Original wording: Id quod aliis accidisse scio

Modern rendering: I know that the same has happened to others

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole clause; the first-person subject is in scio, and others is aliis

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of the original marginal quotation

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation in a Burton-labelled marginal container; not original Burton English.

accidere · accidunt · local use 2

Printed “accidunt” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Happen or occur.

Context: Cyprian’s reported reply accepts the calamities but reverses his opponent’s religious explanation: neglect of the true God, not Christian failure to worship pagan gods. Chance is not asserted by the verb.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: ista accidunt

Modern rendering: these things happen

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole subject/verb construction; these things is ista

by accident · local use 1

Printed “by accident” (English; phrase_or_family).

By a secondary route, through imagination’s failure.

Context: Saxonia’s qualification of reason’s subsequent impairment.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: but by accident, as Herc. de Saxonia adds

Modern rendering: But this happens indirectly, as Hercules de Saxonia adds

Alignment convention

Supplied words: this happens

Alignment convention

by accident · local use 2

Printed “by accident” (English; phrase_or_family).

Through an incidental or secondary condition. Hot is the separate predicate in Burton’s restatement of Crusius.

Context: Reported explanation followed by Burton’s separate statement of preference.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: hot by accident only

Modern rendering: hot only incidentally

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole hot by accident only construction: hot is separately printed and only is separately printed; by accident contributes incidentally.

by accident · local use 3

Printed “by accident” (English; phrase_or_family).

Incidentally or through another action, contrasted with intrinsic heat.

Context: A separate question about the stars’ heating from the preceding substance/property question.

Source: original body

Source wording: whether they be hot by themselves, or by accident cause heat

by accident · local use 4

Printed “by accident” (English; phrase).

By chance.

Context: In Aristaenetus’s fictional example Speusippus happens to see Panareta dancing. The chance attaches to the encounter, not to whether her dance is deliberate.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: seeing Panareta a fair yong Gentlewoman dancing by accident

Modern rendering: happened to see a beautiful young gentlewoman, Panareta, dancing

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole participial construction rendered as a finite clause; happened to see carries the accidental encounter

dismal accidents · local use 1

Printed “dismal accidents” (English; phrase).

Ominous or foreboding occurrences.

Context: These are causes of the superstitious fear Burton describes, illustrated by supposed omens. Calling an occurrence ominous does not independently establish prediction.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: prodigies & dismal accidents

Modern rendering: portents and ominous events

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole coordinated phrase; portents translates prodigies, ominous events the indexed phrase

dismal accidents · local use 2

Printed “dismal accidents” (English; phrase).

Dreadful misfortunes or calamities.

Context: Such losses, pain and captivity are said sometimes to produce despair; the Mersenne-associated continuation gives sufferers’ doubts about God when not relieved promptly, not Burton’s own disbelief.

Source: original body

Source wording: such dismal accidents

ex accidenti

Printed “ex Accidenti” (Latin; phrase_or_family).

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: ex Accidenti

Indirectly or as a secondary consequence, qualifying the impairment described in the marginal sentence.

Context: Saxonia-attributed marginal explanation; Imaginationes is an unresolved printed form.

Source: Burton-labelled marginal original quotation

Modern rendering: indirectly

Word and construction: The phrase’s local English contribution is indirectly; the rest of the note separately supplies the affected faculties and imagination’s defect.

Alignment convention

Edition note: Checked against editorial translation within the attached note, not the paired modern body

feral accident

Printed “feral accident” (English; phrase).

A disastrous occurrence.

Context: Counsel is to be fitted to the sufferer’s disposition and the particular cause, which may instead be conscience or severe recollection of past life; the passage does not prescribe one uniform reply.

Source: original body

Source wording: some such feral accident

feral accidents

Printed “feral accidents” (English; phrase).

Deadly or disastrous occurrences.

Context: Want and penury are said to produce them; Burton moves from the preceding noose-and-gold narrative to personal losses and collective defeat. Feral does not mean wild-animal behaviour.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: Such feral accidents

Modern rendering: Such deadly events

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole noun phrase; deadly translates feral, events accidents

ferall accident

Printed “ferall accident” (English; phrase).

A dreadful or potentially deadly event.

Context: It is one possible trigger of a severe fit; Burton distinguishes differing frequencies and durations, including a fit never experienced before or afterwards.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: some ferall accident or perturbation

Modern rendering: some dreadful event or disturbance

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole alternative; disturbance translates perturbation, not the accident noun

future accidents

Printed “future accidents” (English; phrase).

Events yet to come.

Context: Burton challenges purported Sibylline predictions of Christ as implausibly clearer than those of God’s prophets. The noun does not mean that the forecast events are chance mishaps.

Source: original body

Source wording: many other future accidents

grievous accident

Printed “grievous accident” (English; phrase).

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: grievous accident

A painful incident or occurrence.

Context: Conditional advice follows the sufferer’s recognition of the cause: remove it and redirect attention, with wholesome recreation and friends’ help in the continuation.

Source: original body

ill accident · local use 1

Printed “ill accident” (English; phrase_or_family).

An adverse circumstance or misfortune, here having a bad wet nurse.

Context: Burton’s historical nurse/milk theory, not established transmission of character.

Source: original body

Locator qualification: Preserve sequence and printed-number distinction exactly.

Source wording, Original wording: the first ill accident that can likely befall him

Modern rendering: the first misfortune of this kind likely to befall him

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole source phrase, with of this kind drawn from the immediately following in this kinde; the record does not assert a particular person chose the nurse.

ill accident · local use 2

Printed “ill accident” (English; phrase).

A misfortune or adverse occurrence.

Context: The surrounding argument concerns frightening predictions by astrologers or wizards, with occurrence attributed to divine permission through a Chrysostom saying, not unlimited stellar power.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: ill accident, or death it self

Modern rendering: a misfortune or death itself

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole alternative; the misfortune is distinguished from death itself

inevitable accidents

Printed “inevitable accidents” (English; phrase).

Occurrences that cannot be avoided or altered in the situation considered.

Context: The advice is conditional on the event’s being unremediable: respond skilfully to the given throw, as the following dice verse explains. It is not a blanket denial of practical action.

Source: original body

Source wording: all such inevitable accidents

inseparable accident · local use 1

Printed “inseparable accident” (English; phrase_or_family).

An inseparable attendant condition of the described age group.

Context: Rhazes-attributed historical generalization about all old and frail people.

Source: original body

Source wording: a necessary and inseparable accident

inseparable accident · local use 2

Printed “inseparable accident” (English; phrase_or_family).

An inseparable attendant condition, here discontent, care and misery in human life.

Context: Burton’s universal claim following the Cura fable.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: an inseparable accident to all men

Modern rendering: an inseparable condition of human life

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole stated phrase; inseparable belongs to the indexed phrase, while all men is expanded to human life.

inseparable accident · local use 3

Printed “inseparable accident” (English; phrase).

An inseparable accompaniment or attendant condition.

Context: Burton qualifies the association of natural melancholy with old age by almost, and contrasts it with the acquired disease’s reported frequency in middle age. The qualification must not be flattened into the later Rhazes-associated universal claim.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: almost an inseparable accident

Modern rendering: an almost inseparable accompaniment

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole qualified phrase; almost remains a separate limitation on inseparability

irksome Accidents

Printed “irksome Accidents” (English; phrase).

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: irksome Accidents

Distressing circumstances or conditions.

Context: An unhappy marriage is ranked here, but marriage itself is first called divinely appointed and capable of great happiness when the partners agree. An accident need not be a momentary event.

Source: original body

miraculous accident

Printed “miraculous accident” (English; phrase).

An astonishing or marvellous occurrence.

Context: The antimony recovery is Mattioli’s reported eyewitness story, with Schenck later repeating it. Burton interrupts with his warning that the medicine is fitter for a horse than a man; miraculous here does not itself establish divine intervention.

Source: original body

Source wording: this miraculous accident

miserable accident

Printed “miserable accident” (English; phrase).

A dreadful occurrence.

Context: Burton introduces an attributed narrative of violence during drunkenness; the wording evaluates the event rather than asserting that the acts were unintended.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: a miserable accident

Modern rendering: this dreadful occurrence

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole noun phrase, with this replacing the original indefinite article in the modern version

outward accidents

Printed “outward accidents” (English; phrase).

External events or circumstances.

Context: Freedom from fears of such events does not mean the sufferer is free from bodily apprehension: fears about head, heart, stomach or spleen can continue.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: forrain fears, outward accidents

Modern rendering: fears of external things and events

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: whole compressed coordinated source phrase; the modern construction integrates the events as objects of fear

per accidens · local use 1

Printed “per accidens” (Latin; phrase_or_family).

Through a secondary condition rather than intrinsically; contrasted with per se.

Context: Crusius’s reported formulation; Burton then prefers Capivaccius.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: calida per accidens, frigida per se

Modern rendering: hot through an incidental condition, cold in its own nature

Word and construction: Full Latin contrast aligned; calida supplies hot, frigida cold, and per se in its own nature. Per accidens contributes through an incidental condition.

Alignment convention

per accidens · local use 2

Printed “per accidens” (Latin; phrase).

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: per accidens

As occasion or recollection suggested, without chronological ordering.

Context: Burton explains his own ordering of authors: sometimes modern writers precede ancient ones as memory suggests. This is an authorial practice, not the medical secondary-cause sense.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: as chance suggested

Alignment convention

Alignment convention

per accidens · local use 3

Printed “per accidens” (Latin; phrase).

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: per accidens

Through an accompanying circumstance or indirect effect.

Context: Burton responds to Mizaldus and others calling hare merry meat and conducive to beauty, with Martial cited for the latter: his incidental explanation invokes hunting, pleasant company and talk, rather than the meat alone.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: incidental

Alignment convention

Alignment convention

per accidens · local use 4

Printed “per accidens” (Latin; phrase).

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: per accidens

Incidentally or through associated circumstances, rather than in the activity’s essence.

Context: Burton concedes that evil must not be done for good to result, then argues for qualified toleration to avoid greater harm. The preceding context is public amusements and performers occupying people otherwise more harmfully idle.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: only incidentally

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: phrase-level rendering; only is the modern version’s explicit narrowing of the qualification, not a separate Latin word

Supplied words: only

per se

Printed “per se” (Latin; phrase).

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: per se

In itself or in its own nature.

Context: Crusius’s cold-in-itself claim is contrasted with incidental heat; Burton immediately gives his own preference for Capivaccius.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: in its own nature

Alignment convention

Alignment convention

unlucky accident

Printed “unlucky accident” (English; phrase).

An unfortunate occurrence.

Context: The fatal wound belongs to a romance quoted through Prodromus and Gaulmin. Burton uses the character’s longing for Rodanthe to illustrate love’s disregard for death, not to provide independent biographical evidence.

Source: original body

Source wording: an unlucky accident

violent accident

Printed “violent accident” (English; phrase_or_family).

A violent occurrence that cuts life short before its ordinary decline.

Context: Burton’s conditional life-as-lamp explanation.

Source: original body

Source wording: some violent accident