Bodily constitution and temperament

From the book

Marsilio Ficino’s Platonic Theology, Volume II

Marsilio Ficino · Diotimos Editions · 2026

Browse this book’s lexicon →

complexio; qualitas simplex; affectio corporis; forma astricta; temperatio; mixtio

Complexio is a bodily constitution arising from the combination of contrary qualities.

Orientation

At a Glance

The wordComplexio is a bodily constitution arising from the combination of contrary qualities.
In the Platonic TheologyChapter 7 explicitly begins arguments directed against soul as a divisible bodily form, even though the preceding sensory arguments have already opposed that view.
In this editionIn VII.7.1 and VII.9.1, complexio is introduced as “bodily constitution” and subsequently shortened to “constitution”; elsewhere the edition also uses “temperament.”
A place to readThe soul appropriately tempers its sensory instrument.

Meaning

Complexio is a bodily constitution arising from the combination of contrary qualities. It is not merely facial complexion or a person’s emotional temperament. Temperatio emphasizes an appropriate tempering; mixtio the mingling. A quality, a composite constitution, and a form bound to either are distinguished.

Use in the book

Chapter 7 explicitly begins arguments directed against soul as a divisible bodily form, even though the preceding sensory arguments have already opposed that view. Ficino calls the relevant bodily form a quality or affection in the Platonist manner. A simple quality, and a form following it, produce one characteristic effect rather than contrary effects; soul does many and contrary things. A composite constitution still has a predominant quality whose operation governs it. Soul is bound to no such one quality or proper movement.

Chapter 8 distinguishes the limits of the qualities composing a constitution from what nutrition and growth accomplish. Chapter 9 then examines constitution itself: it is a middle condition of contrary qualities, received in matter rather than subsisting in itself, vulnerable to an excessive opposing quality, and capable of intensification and remission. These are several arguments for its accidental status, not a single claim that every mixture is defective.

Constitution remains useful. Chapter 6 requires a properly tempered instrument for sensing, and later chapters recognize vital harmony, health and bodily proportion. The denial is that the soul’s substance is identical with or wholly generated by these conditions. A suitable constitution can be an effect, instrument or condition of life without being the sufficient productive source of the life that orders it.

Places to read

VII.6.3The soul appropriately tempers its sensory instrument.
VII.7.1Simple quality, constitution and a dependent form are separately excluded as soul.
VII.8.1Constitution operates through its constituent qualities.
VII.9.1Contrariety, material dependence and degrees mark the constitution’s accidental nature.

Translation in this edition

In VII.7.1 and VII.9.1, complexio is introduced as “bodily constitution” and subsequently shortened to “constitution”; elsewhere the edition also uses “temperament.” The elliptical anima plurima et contraria at VII.7.1 takes its verb from facit: soul produces many and contrary effects; it is not itself merely a mixture of contradictions.

complexio

complexio. Printed forms: complexio; complexionem; complexionis.

Bodily constitution produced from interacting qualities. Ficino distinguishes it from a simple quality, its dependent form, and the soul that orders its operations. References: VII.7.1, VII.8.1. See Bodily constitution and temperament.

contrariae qualitates / medium

contrariae qualitates / medium. Printed forms: contrariis; medium; qualitatibus.

Contrary qualities and the intermediate condition arising from their mixture. A constitution occupies this middle, rather than subsisting independently as a substance. References: VII.9.1. See Bodily constitution and temperament.

dominari / vigere / astringere

dominari / vigere / astringere. Printed forms: astricta; dominatur; viget.

To predominate, prevail in activity, and be tied to a determinate mode. A constitution still has a ruling quality; soul’s activity is not bound to one quality’s proper motion. References: VII.7.1. See Bodily constitution and temperament.

forma / qualitas

forma / qualitas. Printed forms: formae; formam; formas; qualitates; qualitatum.

Form and quality, whose scope depends on whether the passage concerns sensory reception, an accidental condition or substantial organization. The growth argument’s accidental forms and elemental substantial forms are separate candidates; reception of cognitive forms without matter is another use. References: VII.8.1, VII.13.1. See Bodily constitution and temperament.

forma accidentalis / substantialis

forma accidentalis / substantialis. Printed forms: accidentalem; accidentalibus; formam accidentalem; formis accidentalibus; substantialem; substantialem aliquam formam.

An accidental form or a substantial form, with different exclusions argued separately. Soul is denied to be an accidental form, an aggregate of them, and an elemental or mixed substantial form restricted to one terminal movement. References: VII.8.1. See Bodily constitution and temperament.

materia / suscipi / misceri

materia / suscipi / misceri. Printed forms: materia; mixtae; susceptae.

Matter, being received and being mingled. Contrary qualities do not receive one another; they are received in matter and mingled to generate constitution. References: VII.9.1. See Bodily constitution and temperament.

natura / naturalis

natura / naturalis. Printed forms: natura; naturalem; naturali.

A thing’s nature or a condition proper to its kind. The source distinguishes the natural structure of fragments, the nature of bodily constitution and the soul’s natural state; natural does not always mean elemental or material. References: VII.4.1, VII.5.4, VII.9.1, VII.15.1. See Bodily constitution and temperament.

opposita / contraria

opposita / contraria. Printed forms: contraria; opposita.

Opposed or contrary effects. A simple quality produces one characteristic kind of result; soul produces many and contrary effects. References: VII.7.1. See Bodily constitution and temperament.

qualitas / affectio corporis

qualitas / affectio corporis. Printed forms: affectionem corporis; qualitas; qualitatem; qualitati.

A bodily quality or condition, in the Platonist terminology adopted here. Chapter 7 announces arguments specifically against soul as a diffused bodily form, beyond the earlier rejection of body itself. References: VII.7.1. See Bodily constitution and temperament.

ratio as argument

ratio as argument. Printed forms: argumentatione; argumentationibus; disputationis; rationibus.

A reasoned argument or proof, distinct from a proportion or rational faculty. The book marks its transition from earlier arguments to proofs proper against a bodily form, and then tests the consequences of suppositions. References: VII.1.1, VII.7.1. See Bodily constitution and temperament.

simplex qualitas / forma astricta

simplex qualitas / forma astricta. Printed forms: forma istis astricta; forma sequens complexionem; simplex qualitas.

A simple quality and a form bound to quality or constitution. The classification does not let a dependent form evade the limits of the qualities it follows. References: VII.7.1. See Bodily constitution and temperament.

temperatio

temperatio. Printed forms: temperatione.

An appropriate tempering of the bodily instrument. The soul prepares its instrument for attentive action; the instrument’s temperament is not thereby the soul’s essence. References: VII.6.3. See Bodily constitution and temperament.

From the book

The Anatomy of Melancholy

Robert Burton · Diotimos Editions · 2026

Browse this book’s lexicon →

Complexion and temperament

Complexion; temperament; temperature

Complexion, temperament, temperature and Crasis can name the body’s constitution: its mixture and balance of qualities, including heat, cold, dryness and moisture.

Orientation

At a Glance

The wordComplexion, temperament, temperature and Crasis can name the body’s constitution: its mixture and balance of qualities, including heat, cold, dryness and moisture.
In the Anatomy of MelancholyThe preface asks whether a sick man can be wise if his eating and drinking overthrow his body’s temperature.
In this editionThe constitution vocabulary receives several local renderings: “temperature of his body” becomes “body’s balance”; “Temperament,” “a balanced bodily constitution” in its full phrase; “complexion,” “bodily constitution”; “Distemperature,” “Disorders” in the heading; “Crasis,” “bodily constitution,” while temperament is retained alongside it; “temperatures,” “constitutions”; and “innate temper,” “inherent constitution”.
A place to read: Comic frenzy and the expansion of an old man's madness to everyone.

Meaning

Complexion, temperament, temperature and Crasis can name the body’s constitution: its mixture and balance of qualities, including heat, cold, dryness and moisture. Distemperature and distemper name a disordered condition. This vocabulary extends from bodily makeup to particular organs, surrounding air and the earth. Complexion also names visible colour or appearance, while temper can mean personal composure, character, mixture or regulated political power. Temperance and its contrary concern restraint as well as bodily balance. The related verbs cover preparation, mixing, moderating and managing; their subjects and objects determine the local sense.

Use in the book

Balance, vulnerability and variation

The preface asks whether a sick man can be wise if his eating and drinking overthrow his body’s temperature. The example makes care of bodily balance a parallel to care of the soul. Shortly afterwards Galen’s temperament joins Cicero’s orator, Xenophon’s Cyrus, Castiglione’s courtier and the political writers’ aristocracy as an ideal description whose actual realization is doubtful. Constitution can therefore name an ideal balanced arrangement, as well as the bodily state people actually possess.

The account of passing melancholy explains why the same slight provocation affects different people differently. The ability of bodily temperature and rational soul to resist varies; one person’s flea bite becomes another’s intolerable suffering. In the latter, passion alters complexion together with digestion, sleep, spirits and the abdominal regions. Here complexion is the whole bodily constitution, not merely a change of colour in the face. The continuation’s imprisoned-debtor and disabled-animal images explain how disturbances accumulate into settled illness.

A strong constitution can delay rather than prevent a harmful course. Solitary imagining may remain pleasant for years because bodily strength or intervening business diverts it, before injured imagination turns delight into fear and sorrow. The treatment debate gives the sufferer a distinct voice: how can advice remove what is lodged in blood, brain and the whole temperature? Burton replies that the person may correct himself in some sort. His qualified reply neither erases the bodily objection nor establishes complete voluntary control. Similarly, the discussion of unmarried women distinguishes those whom Burton blames and would discipline from personally virtuous women whose inborn constitution, he says, defeats resistance.

Constitution can be described as inherited. Burton reports Fernel’s claim that the father transmits disease through reproductive seed and Roger Bacon’s claim that corrupt complexion and constitution pass to the son. The continuation extends resemblance from bodily build to manners and mental dispositions. These sweeping historical claims do not establish modern genetic rules, and the vocabulary should not be recast as genes or inherited temperament in a narrowly psychological sense.

The inheritance argument extends beyond passive transmission. Mercado recommends choosing marriage partners whose constitutions differ most; Burton then speculates that invasions and intermixture changed damaged English constitutions for the better. These are historical claims about populations and reproduction, including generalizations that should not become the lexicon’s own account of ancestry. Maternal imagination and a nurse’s milk are likewise credited with changing a child’s constitution. The nursing polemic expressly allows a substitute when the mother cannot nurse, and even prefers a suitable stranger when the mother’s own condition or conduct would be harmful. Cruel schooling supplies another alleged route of injury to body and mind.

Material balance and rival explanations

In the survey of the rational soul, Galen is said to suppose it crasin esse, to be the temperature itself. The phrase names the mixture or constitution, with the infinitive supplying “to be.” Burton presents this amid competing accounts of the soul’s origin and nature; it is not a simple statement of his settled belief. Later the material-immaterial classification reports Saxonia’s disorder of spirits without gross humour and Paracelsus’s rejection of four humours and complexions. The Galenists’ approval belongs to that disagreement, not to an uncontested taxonomy.

Balance is relative to its particular subject. Blood can be called hot and still the most temperate of the humours; temperate does not mean devoid of heat. Temper may belong to a particular humour, the brain, the whole body or the subtle spirits. Mixtures also undermine pure classifications: whole-body and head melancholy can coexist, and Burton compares mixed medical kinds with mixed political regimes. The phrase “tempered and mingled” describes blending, not the heating of metal.

The inward-cause discussion explicitly allows both directions of influence: a disturbed mind alters bodily temperature, and a disordered body produces a distemperature of soul. Burton says deciding which harms the other more is difficult. The next paragraph reports rival allocations of principal responsibility to soul or body, including the proposition that character follows bodily temperament. Burton then says that the soul has the better plea against the body; the initial difficulty is therefore followed by his own leaning, not left as complete neutrality. The organ heading then introduces disorders of particular parts, followed by an almost comprehensive list of parts that can be implicated. The continuation gives competing cold and hot brain explanations. Thus a disorder of temperature is not necessarily an increase in heat.

The list of inward causes does not settle one uniform thermal mechanism. Burton can accept a hot and dry account of acquired melancholy while preserving a colder and milder account of natural melancholy. In the spleen discussion an inborn scorching imbalance produces acquired matter, so innate cause and acquired result must not be confused. A further explanation runs from disordered constitution to black fluid, then obscured spirits and fear or sorrow. Elsewhere Saxonia distinguishes agitation of spirits from humoral imbalance, while other passages describe those spirits themselves as distempered. These formulations belong to different local arguments and should not be silently made identical. The disagreement remains practical: Saxonia rejects bloodletting in immaterial melancholy from cold spirits, whereas Laurentius approves it.

The symptoms chapter coordinates temperament and Crasis and relates their variety to alleged stellar influences. Burton names supporters, but the following paragraph records Mercurialis’s rejection of that account. The body’s constitution is also assigned more immediate explanatory work later in the chapter, alongside organs, spirits and humours. Neither the astrological origin nor the theory of immaterial spirits should be passed off as a modern medical conclusion.

Bodily imbalance also enters supernatural and religious explanations. In the Avicenna passage the Latin body quotation makes black bile the immediate cause after a demon changes constitution; Burton’s English says burnt choler instead. His later polemic against misvalued fasting says the Devil exploits practices that overturn bodily temperature, and the Cardano-associated margin adds constitution altered by rustic foods to hermits’ illusions. Despair can follow an ill-disposed temper, with Navarrus invoked for a melancholy constitution’s connection to scrupulous conscience. In consolation, involuntary disordered thoughts are distinguished from assent; demonic assault is conditional and finally bounded by God’s permission. These are neither interchangeable causal claims nor an accusation that every sufferer chooses the disorder.

Diet, treatment and the surrounding world

The dietary discussion takes differing constitutions as a reason why a food beneficial to one person may harm another. Burton’s examples include Alexander Severus’s liking for hares and apples and unnamed popes’ preferred foods; he ends by recommending observation of one’s own response. The preceding argument values established custom, even when imperfect. This passage’s plural temperatures therefore identifies differences among bodies rather than measurements of bodily heat.

Constitution is repeatedly described as alterable. Waking, grief, fright, imagination, bad water and excessive drinking may corrupt or change it; imagination can also be credited with cure. Intemperance in diet includes too little as well as too much, and custom qualifies otherwise harmful food or timing. Moderate social drinking is allowed, but the drinking-party ultimatum ignores each person’s constitution even at the cost of health. A medicinal-water restriction excludes an over-hot temperature in Burton’s English, while its Latin margin lacks the second explicit negative. The edition retains that discrepancy. Reported violent methods of changing temperature by pain or castration remain attributed historical prescriptions, not therapeutic recommendations here.

Treatment after purging is also described as altering and amending the temper. The heart and brain are to be strengthened because each affects the other. The margin’s recommendation of theriacal medicine is narrower than the body’s general praise of alteratives and cordials, a difference retained by the edition. The subsequent recommendation of wine is explicitly qualified by moderation and timing. These are historical prescriptions, not current treatment advice.

Temper can belong to nonhuman things. In one proposed explanation of springs, solid earth turns air into water by its innate temper. Burton gives underground seawater and rainfall as alternatives, rather than resolving the question. In the treatment of air, Galen’s advice as quoted through Pratensis concerns the temper of ambient air; Burton’s continuation recommends a mean between extremes of heat and cold. Constitution here concerns the qualities of a medium or substance.

The geographical family includes a temperate zone, temperate weather and intemperate heat or cold. The inquiry repeatedly complicates a simple latitude rule: supposedly torrid regions may be mild, while places at similar latitudes may differ sharply. Complexions and colours can even appear as separate items in a list of regional differences. Air is also said to affect bodily constitutions more than manners, and Leo Africanus is quoted claiming immediate recovery in a particular climate. These are Burton’s collected explanations and reports, with unresolved comparisons and sweeping claims retained as such; they do not supply a verified climatic or medical survey.

The love-melancholy account narrows temperature to a particular organ when Guaineri attributes desire to the hot constitution of the testicles. The margin actually prints crisin, which the edition interprets as temperament; that form is preserved and not silently replaced with crasin. Ferrand’s alternative refers to atoms in semen, and Burton then gives a broader account of youth, plentiful feeding, leisure and solitude. This is a reported historical physiological account with an unresolved printed form.

Love’s constitutional explanation is itself plural. The stars are remote causes in Ficino’s Venus account; physicians predict from temperature and complexion, but the relative susceptibility of phlegmatic, naturally melancholic and hypochondriacal people is disputed. The claim that naturally melancholic people are never freed once caught is reported within that argument, while the next paragraph calls the colt’s evil common to all complexions. Constitution can also be invoked to explain friendship, alongside astral influence, spirits and outward attractions. None of these uses reduces love to a single universal bodily mechanism.

Visible, moral and figurative extensions

Complexion is visibly coloured in the symptom catalogue: people whose melancholy is associated with scorched blood are commonly ruddy and high-coloured. The same paragraph attributes laughter and pleasant conversation to them, but qualifies the latter by the illness not being far advanced. An article that always replaced complexion with bodily constitution would conceal the colour sense here.

Visible complexion extends beyond the ruddy symptom. Hypochondriacal sufferers may be of all colours and complexions; Trallianus’s inquiry asks about dark or red appearance alongside other signs. Yet good complexion can mean good bodily condition in an apparently cheerful patient. In the beauty passages complexion denotes colour, skin or general appearance, and the antithesis good complexions, ill conditions explicitly opposes attractive looks to bad dispositions. The hostile catalogue in which a woman’s whole complexion savours stretches the noun towards the whole body that reeks. These abusive and idealizing descriptions require their speakers and rhetorical setting, rather than an automatic facial-colour gloss.

Moderate temper describes Socrates’s reputed composure, set against Burton’s insistence that even he suffered sorrow. Distempers also become political disorders when kingdoms and commonwealths are compared to human bodies; the next paragraph describes their contrasting health in peace, concord and prosperity. These are meaningful moral and political extensions, not anatomical findings.

The political extension includes temperate government: a limited monarchy, not the monarch’s personal composure. A mixed regime also illustrates compound medical kinds. Distempered can describe a state or a household thrown into disorder, while the Democritus narrative calls human follies distempers. Better temper in the praise of true gentility means character or disposition, and a divine temper in the praise of love means a godlike nature. These local subjects distinguish social disorder, moral character and bodily balance without dissolving their analogies.

Temperance and intemperance also name restraint and its failure. Diet, drinking and sex are frequent objects, but tongue, purse and eyes can require moderation too. The vocabulary is neither invariably praise nor always bodily diagnosis: hypocrites assume temperance, flattery may drive a supposedly temperate person to starvation, and enforced temperance means compulsory sexual continence in Burton’s anti-monastic polemic. He can praise extraordinary abstinence yet reject refusal of lawful enjoyment as superstition. His concession that the philosophers and deists he condemns are morally temperate keeps conduct distinct from his theological judgment.

The relation between restraint and sorrow changes with the argument. Burton reports Aristotle’s denial that intemperance concerns sorrow, then takes up Seneca’s stronger consolatory language; elsewhere fear and sorrow keep people temperate by restraining dissipation. Sexual intemperance can mean an affair, excessive activity or unrestrained desire awakened by a report before sight. The claim that whole groups of women lack restraint belongs to the sectarian allegation Burton reports. Neither the praise nor the accusation supplies a neutral diagnosis.

The verb’s making or regulating sense supports two concrete comparisons. Scripture is an apothecary’s shop and God has already tempered the medicinal draught: prepared or compounded it for the figuratively sick soul. In counsel against judging beauty by appearances, a good sword requires well-tempered metal rather than a decorated scabbard. Tempered there concerns the metal’s fitness and strength. The shared language of proper preparation does not make a sword, a scriptural remedy and a bodily constitution identical objects.

Other verb uses show what is being regulated: a man tempers his estate, a friend calms anger, shade moderates heat, cheerfulness regulates spirits, and dalliance is blended with art. Latin temperare can mean restrain tears or refrain from speaking; temperat can bring two people into harmony in the question about a star’s influence on friendship. The wife-praise in English says she tempers anger and strife, while its preceding Latin speaks of sadness. Reading the object and the local construction matters more than imposing the bodily-constitution sense on every form.

Related entries

Humour; Adust; Adventitious; Cause; Consent and essence; Habit and disposition; Soul; Diet; Air; Imagination; Spirits; Will and nill; Despair; Temperance (future article); Government (future article)

Places to read

· paragraph 1–3: Comic frenzy and the expansion of an old man's madness to everyone.
· paragraph 20–24: Democritus's dissection inquiry and moral intemperance in the literary encounter.
· paragraph 14–16: Adorned complexion contrasted with neglected virtue in social satire.
· paragraph 27–29: Temperance among the virtues hypocrites assume.
· paragraph 10–12: Care of bodily temperature compared with spiritual prudence.
· paragraph 22–24: Galen’s ideal balanced bodily constitution among difficult-to-realize models.
· paragraph 1–2: Bodily distempers compared with disorders of commonwealths.
· paragraph 23–25: Physicians, lawyers and the alleged causes of a distempered state.
· paragraph 23–25: Restraining tears in the lament over ruined cities.
· paragraph 38–40: The temperate zone and an alternative location for the imagined commonwealth.
· paragraph 27–29: The impossible supposition that universal temperance would remove the need for physicians.
· paragraph 29–32: Comic marital disorder and the verb distemper in gendered household satire.
· paragraph 28–30: Intemperate heat and cold among environmental dangers.
· paragraph 3–5: Socrates’s reputed composure qualified by sorrow.
· paragraph 15–17: Different constitutions and different responses to the same occasion.
· paragraph 29–31: Blood's heat alongside its description as the most temperate humour.
· paragraph 34–36: Preserving constitution, natural heat and radical moisture.
· paragraph 3–5: Galen's account of soul as temperament amid competing theories.
· paragraph 37–41: Constitutional inclination, freedom of will and the qualifications concerning regeneration.
· paragraph 14–16: The brain's substance and disordered balance in the disputed seat of melancholy.
· paragraph 31–37: Natural and unnatural melancholy, mixtures, spirits and disputed humoral matter.
· paragraph 50–60: Head, whole-body and hypochondriacal kinds, Saxonia's spirits and mixed classifications.
· paragraph 2–4: Reported appearances and different complexions of spirits.
· paragraph 15–21: Demonic alteration of constitution: Latin black bile and Burton's separate burnt-choler wording.
· paragraph 8–10: Bodily intemperance as imbalance in an attributed astrological explanation.
· paragraph 36–38: Claims of inherited constitution and the separate qualifier corrupt.
· paragraph 41–49: Hereditary imbalance, contrary constitutions in marriage and limits of the supplied Latin repair.
· paragraph 1–2: The constitution of older fathers in historical reproductive speculation.
· paragraph 4–6: Sexual intemperance, circumstances and timing in the account of generation.
· paragraph 15–17: Maternal imagination and the alleged alteration of an infant's constitution.
· paragraph 37–41: Harmful waters and bodily or mental imbalance, qualified by necessity and contrary praise.
· paragraph 1–3: Intemperance in diet, including both excess and insufficiency.
· paragraph 33–38: Over-strict diet and the modifying force of accustomed foods.
· paragraph 51–53: Unfamiliar foods and the traveller's distempered body.
· paragraph 16–18: Excessive sexual activity contrasted with the preceding harms of abstinence.
· paragraph 31–37: Heat, geographic exceptions and the reported distemperature of Cape Verde's air.
· paragraph 19–21: Idleness and solitude overcoming even an excellent bodily constitution.
· paragraph 25–27: Excessive waking and the brain's temperament.
· paragraph 2–6: Constitutional differences in the force of passions and Arnoldus's comparison with imagination.
· paragraph 20–22: Imagination altering constitution in both illness and cure.
· paragraph 9–11[repeated; PDF198]: Grief's bodily signs and its alleged perversion of constitution.
· paragraph 4–6: Praise turning professed temperance into self-starvation.
· paragraph 12–14: Unrestrained joy in the attributed Epaminondas example.
· paragraph 28–38[sequence; printed 142–144]: The nursing polemic, maternal inability, excess and a nurse's alleged correction of inherited constitution.
· paragraph 41–43[sequence; printed 144]: Cruel schooling and injury to bodily and mental temperature.
· paragraph 3–5: Saxonia's distinction between agitated spirits and humoral imbalance.
· paragraph 25–28: Accommodating oneself to fortune and managing one's estate.
· paragraph 36–38: Spartan self-restraint valued above wealth.
· paragraph 40–44: Reciprocal body–soul injury, Galenic constitution and Burton's eventual preference for the soul's plea.
· paragraph 47–49: The distempered lute as an image of damaged bodily instruments.
· paragraph 54–56: Innate or acquired hot imbalance and the differing body and marginal formulations.
· paragraph 1–21: Organ-specific causes, rival hot and cold explanations, and innate spleen imbalance producing acquired matter.
· paragraph 1–3[first occurrence]: Astrological accounts of constitution and Mercurialis's dissent.
· paragraph 9–10[second occurrence]: Organs, spirits and humours as further sources of variation.
· paragraph 13–20[second occurrence]–192: Disturbed spirits without accumulated matter and qualified claims about symptoms and treatment.
· paragraph 12–19: Apparently healthy complexions and prolonged pleasurable imagining before entrenched distress.
· paragraph 2–4: Saxonia's immaterial spirit-disturbance and the body–margin difference over motion and darkness.
· paragraph 13–15: The range of complexions allowed in hypochondriacal symptoms.
· paragraph 22–24: Colour, suppressed discharges and bodily signs in Trallianus's diagnostic inquiry.
· paragraph 7–10: Coercive blame contrasted with pity for virtuous women overcome by constitution.
· paragraph 12–16: Constitution and forced continence in Burton's anti-monastic argument.
· paragraph 20–22: Disordered constitution, black fluid, darkened spirits and fear, with separate marginal attributions.
· paragraph 2–4: Bodily disposition, altered perceptions and imagination in explanations of false conceits.
· paragraph 6–9: Qualified praise of melancholy and the balance of heat and dryness associated with intellect.
· paragraph 5–7: Temperate food in the marginal regimen.
· paragraph 11–13: The bridle image for temperance in diet.
· paragraph 18–25: Custom, individual constitution and qualifications to general dietary advice.
· paragraph 34–36: Moderately warm bathing and the margin's distinct cooling language.
· paragraph 7–9: Temperance as restraint of sexual appetite.
· paragraph 28–30: The earth’s innate temper and rival explanations of springs.
· paragraph 32–38: Constitutions distinguished from colours, and temperate climates in geographical inquiry.
· paragraph 4–10: Climatic variation challenging a simple latitude rule.
· paragraph 16–18: Kepler's speculative other worlds and the Latin verb refrain.
· paragraph 18–23: Air suited to constitution and Burton's recommended temperate mean.
· paragraph 20–22: Reported mild air and an alleged sudden recovery.
· paragraph 35–36: Shelter moderating heat in a quoted garden description.
· paragraph 35–37: God preparing a medicinal potion in the apothecary-shop consolation.
· paragraph 5–8: Sorrow drying the constitution, with body in the margin and temperature in Burton's English.
· paragraph 22–25: The sufferer's constitutional objection and Burton's qualified reply about correction.
· paragraph 23–25: A friend's timely soothing of anger, dependent on occasion and receptiveness.
· paragraph 30–32: Reported violent counter-treatments for passions and disordered constitution.
· paragraph 37–38: The printed abbreviation in Lemnius's title on four complexions.
· paragraph 28–30: Cheerfulness regulating spirits in the Salernitan regimen.
· paragraph 30–36: Excessive drinking, bodily constitutions and coercion at drinking parties.
· paragraph 14–16: Conditional true gentility and Lemnius's title on constitutions.
· paragraph 36–41: Moral intemperance among the alleged consequences of riches.
· paragraph 48–50: Temperate government contrasted with absolute monarchy.
· paragraph 26–28: Aristotle’s denial that intemperance concerns sorrow, contrasted with Seneca’s stronger rhetorical claim.
· paragraph 13–15: Moderation of tongue, purse, eyes and drinking.
· paragraph 31–33: Fear and sorrow described as restraints on misconduct in consolation.
· paragraph 44–45: Another abbreviated Lemnius title, distinct from its expanded supplied translation.
· paragraph 4–6: The intemperate commonwealth in objections to medicine.
· paragraph 18–19: Claims of incurable illness within the argument against medicine.
· paragraph 22–28: Burton's defence of medicine, qualified by necessity and sparing use.
· paragraph 23–25: The restriction on overly hot constitutions and the missing negative in the Latin margin.
· paragraph 23–25: Saxonia's exclusion of bloodletting for cold spirit-imbalance and Laurentius's contrary approval.
· paragraph 17–19: Alteratives and cordials restoring temperature, heart–brain relations and the qualified wine claim.
· paragraph 44–46: The temperate person in an objection about suicide and the subsequent reply.
· paragraph 6–9: Friendship explained through stars, temperament, spirits or outward qualities.
· paragraph 1–3: The actual love-cause heading and Ficino's body–margin alternatives concerning temperament.
· paragraph 11–13: Competing claims about amorous constitutions, qualified by desire's common reach.
· paragraph 18–20: The marginal medical claim associated with Guaineri and its retained crisin wording.
· paragraph 3–5: Lack of restraint and desire excited through hearing before sight.
· paragraph 23–25: Thyamis's restraint in a romance episode.
· paragraph 22–24: The Basil-attributed moral criticism of erotic inducement.
· paragraph 45–46: Chaste self-conquest and the supplied apparatus's distinction between Blesilla and Fabiola.
· paragraph 25–27: The comparative more unrestrained in the reported allegation about Horace.
· paragraph 30–32: Whole complexion as the reeking body in an abusive catalogue.
· paragraph 55–60: Temperance in idealized heroic love and the adapted praise of Love.
· paragraph 31–33: Qualities versus appearance in the Senecan sword comparison.
· paragraph 36–45: Rosy complexion, bodily changes and the fragility of outward beauty.
· paragraph 29–31: Constitutional sexual inclination in arguments concerning polygamy and brothels.
· paragraph 60–62: The wife's moderation of anger and strife, with a distinct preceding Latin formulation.
· paragraph 36–38: The goatish complexion in a wife's hostile comparison.
· paragraph 65–67: Tempering as combining dalliance with art.
· paragraph 19–21: Intemperance in an adultery anecdote with confused naming identified by the supplied apparatus.
· paragraph 43–45: The Boemus-associated sectarian allegation concerning women's lack of restraint.
· paragraph 32–39: Good complexion contrasted with ill character, and comparison provoking marital jealousy.
· paragraph 5–12: Fasting, rustic foods and bodily constitution in the polemic on religious delusion.
· paragraph 34–36: Seasonable spring weather in allegations about an ageing world.
· paragraph 45–47: Lawful enjoyment, temperance and the distinction from superstition.
· paragraph 23–25: Public religious suppression distinguished from care of individual sufferers.
· paragraph 12–14: Moral moderation conceded to thinkers whom Burton condemns religiously.
· paragraph 8–10: Natural constitution, scrupulosity, distrust and magnification in the despair discussion.
· paragraph 27–33: Conditional demonic suggestion, involuntary humoral thoughts, voluntary assent and later rejection.
· paragraph 36: The further assurance of pardon where sin has occurred and repentance follows.
· paragraph 2–4: Constitutional vulnerability alongside the express limit of God's permission.
, unnumbered Table and closing notice: The Table's temperament entry and its 456 pointer, distinct from the heading's actual page 447.

In this edition

The constitution vocabulary receives several local renderings: “temperature of his body” becomes “body’s balance”; “Temperament,” “a balanced bodily constitution” in its full phrase; “complexion,” “bodily constitution”; “Distemperature,” “Disorders” in the heading; “Crasis,” “bodily constitution,” while temperament is retained alongside it; “temperatures,” “constitutions”; and “innate temper,” “inherent constitution”. These are local choices, not one fixed replacement rule.

“Ruddy of complexion” becomes “have ruddy complexions”, preserving visible colouring. “Temper of ambient Aire” becomes “quality of surrounding air”; “tempered” becomes “prepared” in the scriptural draught while “well tempered mettle” becomes “well-tempered metal” in the sword comparison. The modern sentence combines the Latin crasin esse with Burton’s following English gloss instead of repeating both. Marginal Latin and the editor’s subsequent English translation are separate source layers. Related words of self-restraint found by the broad temper-family search are not automatically medical-constitution attestations.

Intemperance can render a physiological imbalance and a failure of restraint elsewhere. Latin intemperies likewise ranges from bodily disorder to moral excess and comic frenzy. Its case forms, the temperamentum and temperatura forms, and complexio forms have their own original attestations; an English word occurring only in the translation is not thereby Burton’s original form. The Lemnius references print both complexionibus and the abbreviation complex.; the Galen reference prints temp. The supplied English titles expand these abbreviations without silently expanding the original. The love-cause heading is at, although the unnumbered Table directs Temperament to 456. The Table’s number is a printed pointer, not its own pagination.

complexio · complexionem

Printed “complexionem” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: complexionem

Constitution or humoral balance; accusative of complexio.

Context: The Latin body quotation attributes a change of constitution towards cholera nigra to a demon; Burton’s separate English instead says choler adust. Keep black bile and burnt choler distinct.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: constitution

Alignment convention

complexio · complexionis

Printed “complexionis” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: complexionis

Of a bodily constitution; genitive of complexio.

Context: Bacon’s attributed inheritance claim supplies corrupt through a separate adjective; corruption is not inherent in the noun.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: temperament

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

complexio · complex. · local use 1

Printed “complex.” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Abbreviated title-word for bodily complexions or constitutions.

Context: The Lemnius citation directs readers to a work on four complexions; preserve the printed abbreviation and distinguish its expanded modern title.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: de 4. complex.

Modern rendering: On the Four Complexions

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole abbreviated title aligned; the modern expansion does not supply a fully printed original Latin word.

complexio · complexionibus

Printed “complexionibus” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: complexionibus

Complexions or bodily constitutions; ablative plural of complexio.

Context: The word occurs in Lemnius’s cited title, not a new diagnosis of the English social groups in his reported judgment.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: Complexions

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

complexio · complex. · local use 2

Printed “complex.” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Abbreviated title-word for complexions or bodily constitutions.

Context: This is a Lemnius title citation; retain the abbreviated original separately from the supplied expanded English title.

Source: Burton note original

Source wording, Original wording: Lib. de 4. complex.

Modern rendering: Book on the four complexions

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole abbreviated bibliographical title; its expansion is supplied, not printed in full in the original.

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

complexio · complexione · local use 1

Printed “complexione” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: complexione

Constitution; ablative of complexio.

Context: Navarrus’s attributed claim derives scrupulous conscience from a natural defect and melancholy constitution; the melancholic qualifier is separate from the noun.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: constitution

Alignment convention

complexio · complexione · local use 2

Printed “complexione” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: complexione

Constitution or temperament; ablative of complexio.

Context: The Ficino-associated margin says same temperament after the Venus and Moon conditions; retain its conjunctions rather than replacing them with the body’s alternatives.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: temperament

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

complexion · local use 1

Printed “complexion” (English; word).

Meaning: Bodily constitution.

Here: The body’s general constitution altered by emotional disturbance.

Context: Burton’s contrast between individual responses to the same small occasion.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: his complexion is altered

Modern rendering: his bodily constitution changes

Alignment convention

Supplied words: bodily

Alignment convention

complexion · local use 2

Printed “complexion” (English; word).

Meaning: Bodily constitution or temperament.

Here: Bodily makeup, coordinated with constitution in an inherited-corruption claim.

Context: Roger Bacon’s reported assertion; not modern genetic evidence.

Source: original body

Source wording: the complexion and constitution of the father is corrupt

complexion · local use 3

Printed “complexion” (English; word).

Meaning: Visible colour or appearance.

Here: Visible facial colouring, associated with blood in the attributed symptom account.

Context: Burton reports Salvianus and Saxonia; commonly and not-far-advanced qualifications limit the claims.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: such are commonly ruddy of complexion, and high-coloured

Modern rendering: such people commonly have ruddy complexions and high colour

Alignment convention

Supplied words: people

Alignment convention

complexion · local use 4

Printed “complexion” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: complexion

Visible appearance or surface.

Context: Burton’s social satire contrasts lavish adornment of a diseased, corrupt person with a virtuous person begging in rags; the visible complexion is not itself a test of moral worth.

Source: original body

complexion · local use 5

Printed “complexion” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: complexion

Visible colour or appearance.

Context: Cardan’s father allegedly saw differently coloured spirits; the appearance belongs to a reported encounter qualified by seeming.

Source: original body

complexion · local use 6

Printed “complexion” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: complexion

Bodily constitutions.

Context: Mercado is credited with recommending marriage between contrary constitutions; this is a reported historical prescription.

Source: original body

complexion · local use 7

Printed “complexion” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: complexion

Bodily condition or constitution.

Context: The description of apparently healthy melancholic patients is broader than facial colour; the continuation gives their reported behaviour.

Source: original body

complexion · local use 8

Printed “complexion” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: complexion

Visible colour.

Context: Trallianus’s reported diagnostic inquiry asks whether the patient is dark or red alongside suppressed discharges and bodily signs.

Source: original body

complexion · local use 9

Printed “complexion” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Bodily constitution, extended to the whole body.

Context: The abusive catalogue says her whole body smells; this is neither just facial colour nor a neutral clinical description.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: her whole complexion savours

Modern rendering: her whole body reeking

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole subject/predicate phrase; reeking renders savours, not complexion alone.

complexion · local use 10

Printed “complexion” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: complexion

Visible colour or appearance of the skin.

Context: The idealized beauty catalogue specifies sanguine, rosy appearance, distinguished from the humoral classification of a whole person.

Source: original body

complexion · local use 11

Printed “complexion” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: complexion

Visible appearance, including skin and colour.

Context: The beauty discussion concerns a change in the whole outward appearance, not solely the colour-sign used in diagnosis.

Source: original body

complexion · local use 12

Printed “complexion” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: complexion

Visible appearance or bodily aspect.

Context: The wife’s contemptuous comparison calls her husband goatish alongside sensory disgust; this is reported hostile speech.

Source: original body

complexion · local use 13

Printed “complexion” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: complexion

Appearance.

Context: The marriage advice warns that comparison with another woman may produce contempt and jealousy.

Source: original body

complexion · local use 14

Printed “complexion” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: complexion

Bodily constitution.

Context: The drinking-party coercion overrides bodily constitution and preference even at the cost of health; this is a warning, not endorsement.

Source: original body

complexions · local use 1

Printed “complexions” (English; word).

Meaning: Bodily constitutions or humoral temperaments.

Here: Humoral constitutions within a disputed fourfold classification.

Context: Paracelsus rejects the division; Galenists are reported as generally approving.

Source: original body

Source wording: this division of four humors and complexions

complexions · local use 2

Printed “complexions” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: complexions

Visible colours or appearances.

Context: The hypochondriacal symptom-list allows every complexion, so colour alone is not presented as a uniform sign.

Source: original body

complexions · local use 3

Printed “complexions” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: complexions

Constitutions, distinguished here from colours.

Context: The geographical questions separately enumerate complexions and colours; the claimed animal absences remain reported and partly unresolved in the apparatus.

Source: original body

complexions · local use 4

Printed “complexions” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: complexions

Bodily constitutions or balances.

Context: Burton condemns excessive drinking for bodily and mental injury; the paragraph gives constitutions as temperatures and balances as complexions, not only facial redness.

Source: original body

complexions · local use 5

Printed “complexions” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: complexions

Bodily constitutions or humoral types.

Context: The colt’s evil is common to all constitutions after competing claims about which people are most susceptible to love; this qualifies a simple temperament hierarchy.

Source: original body

complexions · local use 6

Printed “complexions” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: complexions

Meaning: Visible appearance.

Here: Visible appearance; good supplies the attractive evaluation in the full antithesis.

Context: The antithesis good complexions, ill conditions separates beauty from character in a hostile rhetorical generalization.

Source: original body

crasin esse

Printed “crasin esse” (Latin; phrase_or_family).

Meaning: To be the mixture or constitution.

Here: To be the mixture or temperament: a Latin construction reporting an identification of soul and constitution.

Context: Galen’s view reported amid rival theories of soul; not Burton’s unqualified conclusion.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: Galen suposeth the soul crasin esse, to be the Temperature it self

Modern rendering: Galen supposes the soul to be the bodily temperament itself

Word and construction: The modern sentence combines the Latin predicate crasin esse and Burton’s English restatement; crasin supplies temperament and esse to be, while bodily is explanatory.

Supplied words: bodily

Alignment scope: The full mixed English/Latin original construction, including Burton’s English restatement, is compressed into one modern clause; bodily explicates constitution.

crasis

Printed “Crasis” (English; word).

Meaning: Bodily mixture or constitution.

Here: Bodily mixture or constitution, coordinated with temperament.

Context: Burton reports astrological attribution, immediately followed by Mercurialis’s dissent.

Source: original body

Locator qualification: Do not remove bracketed or repeated-page qualifier.

Source wording: their temperament and Crasis

crisin (printed form; constitution sense)

Printed “crisin” (Latin; phrase_or_family).

Meaning: Constitution or temperament, as the contextual interpretation of the anomalous printed crisin.

Here: Constitution or temperament of the testicles in the supplied interpretation of printed crisin; heat is supplied by calidum, not inherent in this noun.

Context: Marginal medical claim corresponding to the body’s Guaineri attribution; crisin is retained, not silently emended.

Source: Burton-labelled marginal original quotation

Source wording, Original wording: Qui calidum testiculorum crisin habent

Modern rendering: Those who have a hot temperament of the testicles

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole relative clause translated contextually. Crisin is preserved as an unresolved printed form; temperament is this edition’s interpretation, not a claim that ordinary Latin crisis means temperament.

Edition note: Checked against editorial translation within the attached note, not the paired modern body

distemper · local use 1

Printed “distemper” (English; word).

Meaning: A disorder or imbalance.

Here: Disordered bodily condition, represented as causing a corresponding mental disorder.

Context: Burton allows bodily and mental disorder to act reciprocally. Although he first calls relative harm difficult to decide, the continuation says the soul has the better plea against the body.

Source: original body

Source wording: the distraction & distemper of the body will cause a distemperature of the soul

distemper · distempers

Printed “distempers” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Disorders or unsettles; a verb.

Context: The family catalogue says a stepmother or daughter-in-law throws everything into disorder after allowing that spouses may agree but their children misbehave. It remains gendered historical satire.

Source: original body

Source wording: distempers all

distemper · local use 2

Printed “distemper” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: distemper

Disorder or imbalance.

Context: Humoral and organ weakness are invoked as openings for the Devil, but Burton expressly limits his power by God’s permission.

Source: original body

distemperature · local use 1

Printed “distemperature” (English; word).

Meaning: Disorder or disturbance.

Here: A disorder of the soul, extending the vocabulary of disrupted bodily balance.

Source: original body

Source wording: a distemperature of the soul

distemperature · Distemperature

Printed “Distemperature” (English; word).

Meaning: Disorder or imbalance.

Here: Disordered balance of bodily parts, offered as causes of melancholy.

Context: Burton’s heading, developed by examples and competing hot/cold explanations.

Source: original body

Source wording: Distemperature of particular Parts, causes

distemperature · local use 2

Printed “distemperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: distemperature

A disordered balance.

Context: The seat-of-melancholy discussion locates the fault in brain substance rather than simply the ventricles; named authorities and exceptions remain distinct.

Source: original body

Distemperature

Printed “Distemperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: Distemperature

A disordered constitution or imbalance.

Context: Burton’s reported opponents of Averroes and Saxonia explain black fluid, obscured spirits, then fear and sorrow; the attached unlettered margin’s attribution remains unresolved.

Source: original body

distemperature · local use 3

Printed “distemperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: distemperature

Imbalance of bodily qualities.

Context: Saxonia excludes bloodletting for cold imbalance of spirits in immaterial melancholy; Laurentius is then reported approving it.

Source: original body

distemperature · local use 4

Printed “distemperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: distemperature

Excess or disorder of heat and cold.

Context: The anti-beauty consolation warns that weather and bodily disturbance can disfigure appearance; its rhetorical setting matters.

Source: original body

distemperatures

Printed “distemperatures” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: distemperatures

Disorders or imbalances.

Context: Claims about harmful waters extend to body and mind; the next paragraph distinguishes necessity and contrary praise of water.

Source: original body

distempered · local use 1

Printed “distempered” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: distempered

Thrown into disorder.

Context: Plato’s alleged link between many physicians and lawyers and a disordered state is sharpened by Burton’s own claim that such professions cause the disorder.

Source: original body

distempered · local use 2

Printed “distempered” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: distempered

Disordered in balance.

Context: Saxonia’s particular account assigns the cause to animal spirits alone; Burton does not present this as the agreement of all physicians.

Source: original body

distempered · local use 3

Printed “distempered” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Made ill or disordered.

Context: Travellers are said to suffer after unfamiliar food and preparation; the context concerns bodily effects of change.

Source: original body

Source wording: much distempered

distempered · local use 4

Printed “distempered” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: distempered

Out of tune or disordered.

Context: The body–soul account compares damaged bodily instruments with a disordered lute; this is the musical-image use.

Source: original body

distempered · local use 5

Printed “distempered” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: distempered

Disordered or impaired.

Context: This is the sufferer’s objection to easy counsel, answered by Burton with correction in some sort rather than unlimited voluntary control.

Source: original body

distempered · local use 6

Printed “distempered” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Mentally disturbed or disordered.

Context: Burton distinguishes public religious suppression from management of particular sufferers through changed life, persuasion and medicine; the historical category is not a modern diagnosis.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: that through fasting, too much meditation, preciseness, or by Melancholy are distempered

Modern rendering: whose minds are disturbed through fasting, excessive meditation, religious scrupulosity or melancholy

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Use full cause-bearing clause and its modern counterpart; mental reference is made explicit in translation.

Supplied words: minds

distempered · local use 7

Printed “distempered” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: distempered

Disordered or disturbed.

Context: The conditional Satanic account says demonic suggestions especially assail melancholic persons and imaginations; if they come from Satan remains part of the claim.

Source: original body

distempered · local use 8

Printed “distempered” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: distempered

Disordered in bodily balance.

Context: The consolation distinguishes involuntary thoughts caused by humours from voluntary assent, with repentance and later rejection retained in the continuation.

Source: original body

distempers · local use 1

Printed “distempers” (English; word).

Meaning: Disorders or disturbances.

Here: Political disorders, by analogy with humoral bodily illness.

Context: Botero’s reported comparison extended to kingdoms, provinces and commonwealths.

Source: original body

Source wording: several distempers

distempers · local use 2

Printed “distempers” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: distempers

Disorders or derangements.

Context: Democritus in the literary encounter explains animal dissection as inquiry into human folly; this is embedded speech, not a report of Burton dissecting.

Source: original body

divine temper

Printed “divine temper” (English; phrase).

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: divine temper

A godlike nature or constitution.

Context: The praise belongs to an idealized account of heroic love, not a test of bodily humours.

Source: original body

hot distemperature

Printed “hot distemperature” (English; phrase).

An excessively hot condition or imbalance.

Context: The Cape Verde complaint attributes illness to excessive heat and invokes Constantine for even the hardiest people’s vulnerability; it is a reported historical environmental explanation.

Source: original body

Source wording: a hot distemperature of the air

innate temper

Printed “innate temper” (English; phrase_or_family).

Meaning: Inherent constitution or qualities.

Here: The earth’s inherent constitution, invoked in one proposed origin of springs.

Context: Conditional account attributed in part to Aristotle; competing accounts follow.

Source: original body

Source wording: by his innate temper turns Aire into water

intemperance · local use 1

Printed “intemperance” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: intemperance

An imbalance of bodily qualities.

Context: The astral account concerns departures in heat and cold, not misconduct or drunkenness.

Source: original body

intemperance · local use 2

Printed “intemperance” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: intemperance

Lack of due moderation.

Context: Dietary disorder includes both excessive and insufficient eating; intemperance here is not restricted to overeating.

Source: original body

intemperance · local use 3

Printed “intemperance” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: intemperance

Lack of restraint in sexual conduct.

Context: The anecdote concerns a husband’s affair; the supplied apparatus identifies Burton’s confused naming without silently rewriting his text.

Source: original body

intemperances

Printed “intemperances” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Of excess or immoderation; a possessive spelling.

Context: The effects belong to excess in the reported anti-riches argument; the spelling is not a simple modern plural.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: intemperances effects

Modern rendering: the effects of excess

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole possessive noun phrase; modern of recasts the original possessive.

intemperans

Printed “intemperans” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperans

Unrestrained or excessive.

Context: The Latin qualifier describes joy in the Epaminondas-associated example; it is a passion, not a humoral substance.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: unrestrained

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

intemperans · intemperantium

Printed “intemperantium” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperantium

Of unrestrained people; genitive plural of intemperans.

Context: The reported discussion allows desire to be excited through hearing before sight; lack of restraint is attributed to those affected.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: unrestrained

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

intemperans · intemperantior

Printed “intemperantior” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperantior

More unrestrained; comparative of intemperans.

Context: The allegation about Horace is reported, and the comparative force must not disappear into a generic temperament gloss.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: immoderate

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: The Latin comparative form is rendered with unmarked immoderate in the supplied translation; the morphological comparative force is retained in the gloss.

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

intemperantia · intemperantiam · local use 1

Printed “intemperantiam” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperantiam

Imbalance; accusative of intemperantia.

Context: The Pontanus-associated margin makes this bodily imbalance an effect of celestial influence; this is an attributed historical causal model.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: imbalance

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

intemperantia · intemperantiam · local use 2

Printed “intemperantiam” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperantiam

Imbalance or disorder; accusative of intemperantia.

Context: Montalto’s hereditary account survives in irregular printed Latin. The supplied modern reading of the melancholic qualifier is expressly conjectural and is not fresh collation.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: imbalance

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Contextual lexical alignment only; the surrounding Latin repair remains the supplied edition’s conjecture.

intemperantia · Intemperantia

Printed “Intemperantia” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: Intemperantia

Lack of moderation or restraint.

Context: The Latin phrase concerns sexual activity, including improper circumstances and timing in a historical reproductive argument; it is not solely a quantity term.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: intemperance

Alignment convention

intemperantia · intemperantiam · local use 3

Printed “intemperantiam” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperantiam

Lack of restraint; accusative of intemperantia.

Context: The Basil-attributed accusation belongs to moral criticism of erotic inducement and remains an attributed judgment.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: intemperance

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

intemperantia · intemperantiam · local use 4

Printed “intemperantiam” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperantiam

Lack of restraint; accusative of intemperantia.

Context: The Boemus-associated margin reports sects alleging women’s unfaithfulness; the judgment is theirs, not an established fact about women.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: lack of restraint

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

intemperate · local use 1

Printed “intemperate” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: intemperate

Unrestrained or immoderate.

Context: The same Democritus speech satirizes human excess; the word is moral, not the technical imbalance of a humour.

Source: original body

Intemperate

Printed “Intemperate” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: Intemperate

Excessive or unrestrained.

Context: Intemperate Venus means excessive sexual activity, distinguished from the previous account of harmful abstinence.

Source: original body

intemperate · local use 2

Printed “intemperate” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: intemperate

Unregulated or immoderate in living.

Context: The charge against an unhealthy commonwealth occurs in an argument against medicine which the subsequent discussion answers; it is not Burton’s final abolition of medicine.

Source: original body

intemperate · local use 3

Printed “intemperate” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: intemperate

Excessive or immoderate in degree.

Context: The adjective qualifies both heat and cold in the catalogue of environmental dangers; reported mortality figures remain unverified.

Source: original body

intemperately

Printed “intemperately” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Excessively or beyond a moderate degree.

Context: The account qualifies hot places after denying that every equatorial location is unhealthy.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: intemperately hot

Modern rendering: of excessive heat

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole adverb/adjective construction recast as a noun phrase; heat renders hot.

intemperies · intemperiæ

Printed “intemperiæ” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Frenzy or mental disorder.

Context: The quoted comic question asks whether ghosts, frenzy and madness torment an old man; Burton expands the accusation to everyone.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: Larvæ hunc intemperiæ insaniæque agitant senem

Modern rendering: Do ghosts, frenzy, and madness torment this old man

Alignment convention

intemperies · local use 1

Printed “intemperies” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperies

Disorder or madness.

Context: A comic quotation intensifies the household disorder associated with an unequal marriage; retain the attributed voice and gendered satire.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: madness

Alignment convention

intemperies · intemperie · local use 1

Printed “intemperie” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperie

Imbalance or disorder; ablative of intemperies.

Context: The margin allows a fault of spirits without gross humoral matter, alongside the account of disagreement over melancholy’s matter.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: imbalance

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

intemperies · intemperiē

Printed “intemperiē” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperiē

Imbalance; the printed abbreviated case ending is retained.

Context: The marginal account says the excess exceeds bodily capacity; its abbreviation is not silently replaced by an expanded spelling.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: imbalance

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

intemperies · intemperiei

Printed “intemperiei” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperiei

Of imbalance; genitive of intemperies.

Context: Arnoldus’s attributed comparison favours imagination over bodily imbalance; the Latin almost does not simply mean absolutely none.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: imbalance

Alignment convention

intemperies · local use 2

Printed “intemperies” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperies

Disorder or lack of restraint.

Context: Guazzo’s condemnation concerns mothers who are healthy and able but refuse nursing; the following sequence admits inability and warns against excess.

Source: original body

Locator qualification: Preserve sequence and printed-number distinction exactly.

Modern rendering: disorder

Alignment convention

intemperies · intemperie · local use 2

Printed “intemperie” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperie

Imbalance; ablative of intemperies.

Context: Saxonia here distinguishes agitation of spirits from humoral imbalance; this must not be flattened into his other explanation by distempered spirits.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: a disordered constitution

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

intemperies · local use 3

Printed “intemperies” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperies

Bodily imbalance or disorder.

Context: The margin makes the hot disordered condition either innate or acquired after fever. Burton’s English also mentions residual inflammation and humour contained in blood; keep the formulations distinct.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: disordered temperament

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

intemperies · intemperiem

Printed “intemperiem” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperiem

Imbalance; accusative of intemperies.

Context: The quoted medical account concerns cold and dry imbalance; those qualities are additional predicates, not contained in the noun.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: imbalance

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

intemperies · Intemperies · local use 1

Printed “Intemperies” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: Intemperies

Imbalance or disorder.

Context: The Latin margin describes an innate burning or scorching condition that generates the acquired matter.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: imbalance

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

intemperies · intemperie · local use 3

Printed “intemperie” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperie

Imbalance; ablative of intemperies.

Context: The marginal account allows disturbed spirits without accumulated matter and includes their movement, not imbalance alone.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: disordered balance

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

intemperies · Intemperies · local use 2

Printed “Intemperies” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: Intemperies

Disordered constitution or imbalance.

Context: The labelled margin gives the black-fluid–darkened-spirit–fear/sorrow causal chain; it is separate from the neighbouring unlettered note.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: A disordered constitution

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

intemperies · local use 4

Printed “intemperies” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: intemperies

Excess or immoderation.

Context: The Chrysostom-associated list gives moral consequences of riches; it is not the bodily imbalance sense found in the medical passages.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: excess

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

moderate temper

Printed “moderate temper” (English; phrase_or_family).

Meaning: Balanced personal composure.

Here: Steady personal composure, exemplified by Socrates’s reportedly unchanging expression.

Context: Aelian’s praise, qualified by Burton’s contrasting claim about sorrow.

Source: original body

Source wording: a moderate temper

temper · local use 1

Printed “temper” (English; word).

Meaning: Qualitative condition or constitution.

Here: The qualitative condition of surrounding air, relevant to choosing a place.

Context: Galen quoted through Jason Pratensis; Burton’s continuation recommends a temperate mean.

Source: original body

Source wording: what temper of ambient Aire they shall make choice of

temper · local use 2

Printed “temper” (English; word).

Meaning: Bodily constitution or balance.

Here: Bodily constitution treated as capable of therapeutic change.

Context: Burton’s historical account of alteratives and cordials; the margin’s theriacal claim is narrower.

Source: original body

Source wording: the temper is to be altered and amended

temper · local use 3

Printed “temper” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temper

The balance or constitution of a humour.

Context: The question is which altered humour can produce melancholy, including disagreement over phlegm; the noun’s referent is not the whole patient.

Source: original body

temper · local use 4

Printed “temper” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temper

Manage or regulate.

Context: The word concerns ordering one’s estate or affairs in the satirical account of wealth.

Source: original body

temper · local use 5

Printed “temper” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Character or disposition.

Context: A conditional praise of true gentility accompanies a hostile generalization about peasants; retain if and the distinction between noble birth and retained virtues.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: of fairer carriage, better temper

Modern rendering: better behaved and tempered

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole coordinated construction; better is shared in the modern behaved and tempered sequence, rather than silently inserted into a discontinuous component-only pair.

temper · local use 6

Printed “temper” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temper

Bodily constitution.

Context: Constitutional sexual inclination is invoked within arguments for tolerating polygamy or brothels; the report does not make those policies necessary lexical consequences.

Source: original body

temper · tempers · local use 1

Printed “tempers” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording: tempers

Softens or moderates.

Context: The English wife-praise says she moderates anger and strife; the preceding Latin’s sadness is a distinct formulation.

Source: original body

temper · tempers · local use 2

Printed “tempers” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording: tempers

Mixes or blends.

Context: The verse describes combining dalliance with art; it does not concern a metal’s treatment or a bodily constitution.

Source: original body

temper · local use 7

Printed “temper” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temper

Bodily constitution.

Context: The despair discussion links disordered constitution with distrust, fear and magnification; this is not a moral definition of temper.

Source: original body

temperament · Temperament

Printed “Temperament” (English; word).

Meaning: Bodily constitution or balance.

Here: An ideal balanced bodily constitution, among ideal models difficult to realize.

Context: Burton’s elliptical list and question; the modern adjective balanced articulates the idealizing context.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: Galen Temperament

Modern rendering: Galen a balanced bodily constitution

Alignment convention

Supplied words: a; balanced; bodily

Alignment convention

temperament · local use 1

Printed “temperament” (English; word).

Meaning: Bodily constitution or balance.

Here: The individual’s humoral constitution, offered as a source of particular symptoms.

Context: Burton’s attribution of constitutions to stars is contested in the continuation.

Source: original body

Locator qualification: Do not remove bracketed or repeated-page qualifier.

Source wording: their temperament and Crasis

temperament · local use 2

Printed “temperament” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperament

Bodily constitution or inclination.

Context: Burton proposes coercive discipline for those he blames, but the following contrast expressly pities virtuous women whose inborn constitution overcomes resistance.

Source: original body

Temperament

Printed “Temperament” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: Temperament

Bodily balance or constitution.

Context: The heading states the objective of alteratives and cordials; the following passage connects heart and brain and distinguishes the margin’s narrower theriacal prescription.

Source: original body

temperament · local use 3

Printed “temperament” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperament

Bodily constitution.

Context: Physicians’ account of friendship by temperament is placed alongside astrologers’ aspects, Cicogna’s spirits and the more common explanation through outward qualities.

Source: original body

temperamentum · temperamenti

Printed “temperamenti” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperamenti

Of constitution or temperament; genitive of temperamentum.

Context: Firmi separately supplies soundness in the claim about old fathers and children; the account is historical reproductive speculation.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: constitution

Alignment convention

temperamentum

Printed “temperamentum” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperamentum

Balance or constitution; accusative of temperamentum.

Context: The cited account of excessive waking assigns damage to the brain’s constitution; cerebri supplies brain.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: balance

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

temperamentum · temp.

Printed “temp.” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Abbreviated title-word for temperaments.

Context: The Galenic citation supports moderate wine’s alleged sharpening of intellect; its exact passage remains unresolved in the supplied apparatus.

Source: Burton note original

Source wording, Original wording: de temp.

Modern rendering: On Temperaments

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole abbreviated title expanded in the supplied translation; no silently expanded original form.

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

temperamentum · temperamento

Printed “temperamento” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperamento

Constitution; ablative of temperamentum.

Context: The marginal restriction lacks an explicit second negative and says or they are of a hotter constitution; Burton’s English excludes excessive heat.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: constitution

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

temperance · local use 1

Printed “temperance” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperance

Moderation or self-restraint.

Context: Burton lists the apparent virtues assumed by hypocrites; the passage does not certify their actual moderation.

Source: original body

temperance · local use 2

Printed “temperance” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperance

Sexual continence or abstinence.

Context: The adjective inforced makes this compulsory celibacy in anti-monastic polemic, not a blanket rejection of moderation.

Source: original body

Temperance

Printed “Temperance” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: Temperance

Moderation or restraint in living.

Context: Burton adapts a bridle image for dietary restraint; the supplied apparatus distinguishes the earlier clemency context without newly verifying it.

Source: original body

temperance · local use 3

Printed “temperance” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperance

Sexual restraint or abstinence.

Context: The context recommends control of sexual appetite, not abstention from every pleasure.

Source: original body

temperance · local use 4

Printed “temperance” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperance

Self-restraint or moderation.

Context: Burton reports Aristotle’s denial that intemperance concerns sorrow, then adopts Seneca’s stronger rhetorical claim linking wisdom, temperance, constancy and absence of sorrow.

Source: original body

temperance · local use 5

Printed “temperance” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperance

Self-control.

Context: The admired self-conquest concerns chastity; the supplied apparatus distinguishes Burton’s Blesilla attribution from the cited account of Fabiola.

Source: original body

temperans · temperantes

Printed “temperantes” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperantes

Self-controlled or moderate people.

Context: The Latin praise of Spartan virtues contrasts character with wealth; the plural is a moral description.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: temperate

Alignment convention

temperans · temperantissimus

Printed “temperantissimus” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperantissimus

Most self-controlled; superlative of temperans.

Context: The reported Spartan value-system ranks self-restraint rather than riches; retain the superlative.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: most temperate

Alignment convention

temperans · temperante

Printed “temperante” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperante

Self-controlled or moderate; ablative of temperans.

Context: The reference to a temperate person belongs to an objection about suicide; the following reply distinguishes circumstances and excuses philosophers.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: temperate

Alignment convention

temperantia

Printed “temperantiæ” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperantiæ

Of self-restraint; genitive of temperantia.

Context: The phrase concerns Thyamis’s restraint in a romance episode, not a medical temperament.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: self-control

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

temperate · local use 1

Printed “temperate” (English; word).

Meaning: Moderate between extremes of heat and cold.

Here: Moderate in heat and cold, avoiding environmental extremes.

Context: Burton’s proposed mean in the historical treatment of air.

Source: original body

Source wording: the Aire is temperate, serene, quiet

temperate · local use 2

Printed “temperate” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperate

Moderate or restrained in living.

Context: Burton imagines a society needing no physicians if all lived moderately, then acknowledges the supposition’s impossibility.

Source: original body

temperate · local use 3

Printed “temperate” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperate

Balanced in its mixture of qualities.

Context: Blood is called hot, sweet and red yet also the most temperate humour; temperate does not mean that it lacks heat.

Source: original body

temperate · local use 4

Printed “temperate” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperate

Mixed or modified rather than pure.

Context: A political comparison illustrates compound kinds of melancholy: even named regimes can mix, so species need not remain pure.

Source: original body

temperate · local use 5

Printed “temperate” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperate

Balanced between excessive heat and cold.

Context: Fracastorius qualifies the praise of melancholy: not all melancholic people excel, and the beneficial balance inclines to heat.

Source: original body

temperate · local use 6

Printed “temperate” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperate

Moderate in degree.

Context: The explanatory continuation associates moderate heat and dryness with intellect; the elephant example is an attributed historical claim.

Source: original body

temperate · local use 7

Printed “temperate” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperate

Moderately warm.

Context: The bath-water recommendation is distinct from the margin’s cooling language, which should not be silently harmonized.

Source: original body

temperate · local use 8

Printed “temperate” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperate

Mild or moderate in climate.

Context: Acosta’s reported geographical comparisons challenge a simple latitude rule; the supplied note limits the exact match to Acosta’s checked text.

Source: original body

temperate · local use 9

Printed “temperate” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperate

Limited or moderated in power.

Context: The political contrast is with absolute monarchy, not with a ruler’s bodily constitution or mild climate.

Source: original body

temperate · local use 10

Printed “temperate” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperate

Moderate or restrained.

Context: The fourfold advice controls tongue, purse, eyes and cups, extending moderation beyond diet.

Source: original body

temperate · local use 11

Printed “temperate” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperate

Self-controlled or moderate.

Context: Burton’s account applies an Agathon-associated praise of Love to the lover; retain the supplied apparatus’s distinction rather than silently universalizing it.

Source: original body

temperate · local use 12

Printed “temperate” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperate

Moderate or restrained in conduct.

Context: Burton concedes moral moderation to the philosophers and deists he nevertheless condemns religiously; the concession must not be erased.

Source: original body

temperate Zone

Printed “temperate Zone” (English; phrase).

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperate Zone

The geographically moderate belt between hotter and colder regions.

Context: Burton locates his imaginary commonwealth in a temperate zone, while allowing an equatorial alternative; this is projected geography.

Source: original body

temperatura · temperaturam · local use 1

Printed “temperaturam” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperaturam

Constitution or balance; accusative of temperatura.

Context: The margin’s excellent constitution is vulnerable to the described conduct; excellence belongs to the accompanying qualifier.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: constitution

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

temperatura · temperaturam · local use 2

Printed “temperaturam” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperaturam

Constitution; accusative of temperatura.

Context: The Galenic moral/physical relation concerns bodily constitution shaping character; corporis supplies bodily.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: temperament

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

temperatura

Printed “temperatura” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperatura

Bodily temperament or constitution.

Context: The Cardano-associated margin separately includes rustic foods altering constitution among causes of hermits’ illusions; the English body is shorter.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: a bodily temperament

Alignment convention

Supplied words: a; bodily

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

temperature · local use 1

Printed “temperature” (English; word).

Meaning: Bodily balance or constitution.

Here: Bodily balance or constitution, impaired through eating and drinking.

Context: Burton’s rhetorical question compares bodily self-care with spiritual prudence.

Source: original body

Source wording: overthrow the temperature of his body

temperature · local use 2

Printed “temperature” (English; word).

Meaning: Bodily constitution.

Here: Constitution received from parents in a historical theory of hereditary disease.

Context: Burton reports Fernel’s sweeping seed-transmission explanation.

Source: original body

Source wording: our temperature, in whole or part, which we receive from our Parents

temperature · Temperature

Printed “Temperature” (English; word).

Meaning: Bodily constitution.

Here: The body’s constitution as a more immediate source of symptoms than the foregoing stellar explanation.

Context: Burton’s transition includes organs, spirits and humours as further variables.

Source: original body

Locator qualification: Do not remove bracketed or repeated-page qualifier.

Source wording: the most immediate symptomes proceed from the Temperature it self

temperature · local use 3

Printed “temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperature

Bodily constitution or balance of qualities.

Context: The account treats preserving natural heat and radical moisture as preserving life and constitution.

Source: original body

temperature · local use 4

Printed “temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperature

Bodily constitution influencing inclination.

Context: The will’s natural appetite follows constitution within a discussion that separately allows spiritual regeneration and competing accounts of freedom.

Source: original body

temperature · local use 5

Printed “temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperature

General bodily constitution.

Context: The whole-body kind is contrasted with the head and hypochondriacal kinds, while the brain can suffer by sympathy.

Source: original body

temperature · local use 6

Printed “temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperature

Bodily constitution or disposition.

Context: The Devil is the preceding agent said to work on the melancholic constitution; the physiological vulnerability is embedded in a supernatural account.

Source: original body

temperature · local use 7

Printed “temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperature

Bodily constitution.

Context: The maternal-impression account claims that a mother’s imagination affects the infant’s constitution; the causal theory is not endorsed as established biology.

Source: original body

temperature · local use 8

Printed “temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperature

Bodily constitution.

Context: The force and duration of passions vary with prepared humours and bodily condition, rather than being identical in every person.

Source: original body

temperature · local use 9

Printed “temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperature

Bodily constitution or balance.

Context: Imagination is credited with altering the constitution both in causing illness and in curing it.

Source: original body

temperature · local use 10

Printed “temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperature

Bodily constitution.

Context: A properly chosen nurse is said to moderate the child’s inherited ill constitution, qualifying the preceding polemic against nursing by others.

Source: original body

Locator qualification: Preserve sequence and printed-number distinction exactly.

temperature · local use 11

Printed “temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperature

Constitution or condition, extended across body and mind.

Context: Burton accuses cruel schoolmasters of damaging pupils’ bodily and mental condition; the claim concerns effects of upbringing.

Source: original body

Locator qualification: Preserve sequence and printed-number distinction exactly.

temperature · local use 12

Printed “temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperature

Bodily constitution.

Context: A strong constitution or intervening business may prolong pleasurable solitary imagining for years before entrenched painful disturbance; the narrative is not immediate universal decline.

Source: original body

temperature · local use 13

Printed “temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperature

Bodily constitution.

Context: Burton’s anti-monastic polemic opposes imposed celibacy to constitutional inclination and alleges bodily and spiritual harms; the allegations are not independently authenticated.

Source: original body

temperature · local use 14

Printed “temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperature

Bodily constitution.

Context: Sorrow is said to dry the constitution in a humoral account of passions; the margin says body where Burton’s English says temperature.

Source: original body

temperature · local use 15

Printed “temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperature

Whole bodily constitution.

Context: The sufferer says distress belongs to blood, brain and constitution and cannot be removed; that impossibility is the objection’s voice, not Burton’s unqualified conclusion.

Source: original body

temperature · local use 16

Printed “temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperature

Bodily constitution or balance.

Context: Lemnius and Platter are invoked for violent counter-treatments; the cure-by-fright anecdote is also a reported claim, not endorsed treatment.

Source: original body

temperature · local use 17

Printed “temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperature

Bodily constitution.

Context: The medicinal restriction concerns an overly hot constitution; the original Latin margin’s missing negative is not silently repaired as original wording.

Source: original body

Temperature

Printed “Temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: Temperature

Bodily constitution.

Context: The love-cause heading is on source447; the Table’s456 pointer is a separate supplied locator and must not replace the actual heading page.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: bodily temperament

Alignment convention

Supplied words: bodily

temperature · local use 18

Printed “temperature” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: temperature

Bodily balance.

Context: Burton’s confessional attack says misvalued fasting and demonic deceit overthrow bodily balance; it attacks these claims and practices, not every restraint in eating.

Source: original body

temperatures

Printed “temperatures” (English; word).

Meaning: Bodily constitutions.

Here: Different bodily constitutions, accounting for unequal responses to a food.

Context: Burton’s conclusion from examples and customary diet.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: such is the variety of palats, humours, and temperatures

Modern rendering: so different are our tastes, humours and constitutions

Alignment convention

Supplied words: our

Alignment convention

temperatus · temperatissimum

Printed “temperatissimum” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperatissimum

Most evenly balanced; superlative of temperatus.

Context: The margin’s hypothetical best-balanced body may still be damaged by idleness and solitude; the superlative describes prior condition.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: most well-balanced

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

temperatus · local use 1

Printed “temperatus” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperatus

Moderate or properly regulated.

Context: The margin qualifies food, not a person’s temperament; cibus supplies the object of moderation.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: temperate

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

temperatus · temperatissima

Printed “temperatissima” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperatissima

Most temperate or mild; superlative of temperatus.

Context: The geographical description concerns climate; this is neither bodily mixture nor moral virtue.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: most temperate

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

temperatus · local use 2

Printed “temperatus” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Temperate or moderate.

Context: Burton’s application of the Platonic argument says rejecting lawful enjoyment is not temperance but superstition; the negation is essential.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: non est temperatus

Modern rendering: is not temperate

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole negative predicate; not is non and is est, rather than parts of the adjective’s meaning.

tempered · local use 1

Printed “tempered” (English; word).

Meaning: Prepared or compounded.

Here: Prepared or compounded, applied metaphorically to a scriptural medicine.

Context: Augustine-attributed theological image in Burton’s apothecary-shop comparison.

Source: original body

Source wording: the potion which God hath already tempered

tempered · local use 2

Printed “tempered” (English; word).

Meaning: Treated or prepared, here of metal.

Here: Treated or prepared, of metal; well separately marks the desirable quality of the treatment.

Context: Burton’s adaptation of a Senecan sword comparison to qualities versus appearance.

Source: original body

Source wording: well tempered mettle

tempered · local use 3

Printed “tempered” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Blended or combined in differing proportions.

Context: Burton explains varieties by mixtures; the paired English verbs are compressed into one modern expression.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: tempered and mingled

Modern rendering: blended

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: The original coordinated verbs tempered and mingled collapse into the single modern blended; no one-to-one component equivalence is asserted.

temperies · temperie · local use 1

Printed “temperie” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperie

Mildness or temperateness; ablative of temperies.

Context: The climatic context qualifies a place’s air or seasonal conditions.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: mildness

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

temperies · temperiem

Printed “temperiem” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperiem

Quality or condition of air; accusative of temperies.

Context: The Galenic advice transmitted through Jason concerns choosing surrounding air appropriate to the patient.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: temper

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

temperies

Printed “temperies” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Temperateness or mildness.

Context: Leo Africanus’s claimed observation links the air with immediate recovery; this is reported testimony, not verified medical efficacy.

Source: Burton note original

Source wording, Original wording: tanta aeris temperies

Modern rendering: the air is so temperate

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: The nominal Latin construction is recast as the air is so temperate; use the full counterpart rather than a noun-only equivalence.

Supplied words: is

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

temperies · temperie · local use 2

Printed “temperie” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Seasonable or mild condition of weather; ablative of temperies.

Context: The marginal spring-weather clause belongs to an allegation of an ageing world and blame against Christians; this is not verified climate history.

Source: Burton note original

Source wording, Original wording: vernali temperie

Modern rendering: spring weather

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole adjective/noun construction; spring renders vernali.

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

tempero · Temperet

Printed “Temperet” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: Temperet

Restrain or hold back; subjunctive of temperare.

Context: The question about restraining tears accompanies Gerbelius’s lament over ruined cities; the poetry is quoted, not a direction to suppress all grief.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: restrain

Alignment convention

tempero · temperet

Printed “temperet” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperet

Manage or accommodate oneself to; subjunctive of temperare.

Context: The quoted maxim concerns adjusting to fortune within Burton’s account of material discontent.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: shape

Alignment convention

tempero · Temperare

Printed “Temperare” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: Temperare

Refrain or hold oneself back.

Context: The Kepler-associated marginal expression belongs to speculative discussion of other worlds, not proof that they are inhabited.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: refrain

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

tempero · temperat · local use 1

Printed “temperat” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperat

Moderates or mitigates.

Context: The quoted garden description says shelter moderates the heat; the idyllic account is attributed rather than a universal climatic rule.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: tempers

Alignment convention

tempero · temperavit

Printed “temperavit” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperavit

Prepared or compounded; perfect of temperare.

Context: The attributed Latin consolation presents God as preparing the patient’s potion; it is the medicinal metaphor behind the English tempered.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: prepared

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

tempero · temperat · local use 2

Printed “temperat” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperat

Calms or soothes.

Context: The adapted poetic phrase supports a friend’s timely calming of anger; effectiveness depends on occasion and receptiveness in the surrounding account.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: calms

Alignment convention

tempero · temperat · local use 3

Printed “temperat” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: temperat

Regulates or moderates.

Context: The Salernitan margin attributes regulation of spirits to cheerfulness within a regimen of gladness, rest and moderate diet.

Source: Burton note original

Modern rendering: regulates

Alignment convention

Edition note: checked in supplied translation of original marginal wording

Translation layer: Supplied editorial translation inside Burton-labelled note; not original Burton English.

tempero · temperat · local use 4

Printed “temperat” (Latin; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Brings into harmony or regulates.

Context: The poetic question asks which star produces harmonious friendship; a questioned cause is not an established astrological explanation.

Source: original body

Source wording, Original wording: quod me tibi temperat astrum

Modern rendering: what star brings me into harmony with you

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole interrogative clause; brings into harmony renders temperat, while me, with you and what star render the other original words.

untemperatenesse

Printed “untemperatenesse” (English; lemma). Attestation: word form.

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording: untemperatenesse

An imbalance or lack of proper temper.

Context: The spleen account assigns scorching to an inborn imbalance that produces an acquired humour; innate cause and acquired result must remain distinct.

Source: original body

Venus complexion

Printed “Venus complexion” (English; phrase).

Citation key, Printed form, Source wording, Original wording: Venus complexion

A temperament associated with or governed by Venus.

Context: Ficino’s astrological account places stellar causes at the remote end of the causal chain. The body and margin phrase their alternatives differently.

Source: original body

Modern rendering: a temperament governed by Venus

Alignment convention

Alignment scope: Whole possessive-type construction expanded; governed by supplies the relation expressed through Venus as modifier.

Supplied words: a; governed by