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Facing Pages · Branch 22 of 44
Charmides · 163c–164a
Ancient Greek
p. 34μετὰ τοῦ καλοῦ γίγνηται, ἔργον δὲ οὐδέποτε οὐδὲν ὄνειδος· τὰ γὰρ καλῶς τε καὶ ὠφελίμως ποιούμενα ἔργα ἐκάλει, καὶ ἐργασίας τε καὶ πράξεις τὰς τοιαύτας ποιήσεις. φάναι δέ γε χρὴ καὶ οἰκεῖα μόνα τὰ τοιαῦτα ἡγεῖσθαι αὐτόν, τὰ δὲ βλαβερὰ πάντα ἀλλότρια· ὥστε καὶ Ἡσίοδον χρὴ οἴεσθαι καὶ ἄλλον ὅστις φρόνιμος τὸν τὰ αὑτοῦ πράττοντα τοῦτον σώφρονα καλεῖν.
163dὮ Κριτία, ἦν δ’ ἐγώ, καὶ εὐθὺς ἀρχομένου σου σχεδὸν ἐμάνθανον τὸν λόγον, ὅτι τὰ οἰκεῖά τε καὶ τὰ αὑτοῦ ἀγαθὰ καλοίης, καὶ τὰς τῶν ἀγαθῶν ποιήσεις πράξεις· καὶ γὰρ Προδίκου μυρία τινὰ ἀκήκοα περὶ ὀνομάτων διαιροῦντος. ἀλλ’ ἐγώ σοι τίθεσθαι μὲν τῶν ὀνομάτων δίδωμι ὅπῃ ἂν βούλῃ ἕκαστον· δήλου δὲ μόνον ἐφ’ ὅτι ἂν φέρῃς τοὔνομα ὅτι ἂν λέγῃς. νῦν οὖν πάλιν ἐξ ἀρχῆς σαφέστερον ὅρισαι· 163e ἆρα τὴν τῶν ἀγαθῶν πρᾶξιν ἢ ποίησιν ἢ ὅπως σὺ βούλει ὀνομάζειν, ταύτην λέγεις σὺ σωφροσύνην εἶναι;
Ἔγωγε, ἔφη.
Οὐκ ἄρα σωφρονεῖ ὁ τὰ κακὰ πράττων, ἀλλ’ ὁ τἀγαθά;
Σοὶ δέ, ἦ δ’ ὅς, ὦ βέλτιστε, οὐχ οὕτω δοκεῖ;
Ἔα, ἦν δ’ ἐγώ· μὴ γάρ πω τὸ ἐμοὶ δοκοῦν σκοπῶμεν, ἀλλ’ ὃ σὺ λέγεις νῦν.
Ἀλλὰ μέντοι ἔγωγε, ἔφη, τὸν μὴ ἀγαθὰ ἀλλὰ κακὰ ποιοῦντα οὔ φημι σωφρονεῖν, τὸν δὲ ἀγαθὰ ἀλλὰ μὴ κακὰ σωφρονεῖν· τὴν γὰρ τῶν ἀγαθῶν πρᾶξιν σωφροσύνην εἶναι σαφῶς σοι διορίζομαι.
164aΚαὶ οὐδέν γέ σε ἴσως κωλύει ἀληθῆ λέγειν· τόδε γε μέντοι, ἦν δ’ ἐγώ, θαυμάζω, εἰ σωφρονοῦντας ἀνθρώπους ἡγῇ σὺ ἀγνοεῖν ὅτι σωφρονοῦσιν.
Ἀλλ’ οὐχ ἡγοῦμαι, ἔφη.
Οὐκ ὀλίγον πρότερον, ἔφην ἐγώ, ἐλέγετο ὑπὸ σοῦ ὅτι τοὺς
Charmides
p. 35come about with what is fine, but that work is never any disgrace. For things made finely and beneficially he called works, and makings of that kind he called workings and doings. And we must say that he regarded only such things as appropriate to one, and everything harmful as belonging to others. So we must suppose that Hesiod, and anyone else of sense, calls the man who does his own business temperate.”
163d“Critias,” I said, “almost as soon as you began I understood what you meant: that it is what is appropriate to one, and one’s own, that you call good, and the makings of good things that you call doings. After all, I have heard Prodicus draw countless distinctions between words.1 Well, I allow you to assign each word as you please; only make clear what you are applying whatever word you use to. So now go back to the beginning and define it more plainly. 163e Is it the doing, or the making, or whatever you like to call it, of good things that you say temperance is?”
“It is,” he said.
“Then the man who does bad things is not temperate, but the one who does good things?”
“And don’t you think so, my good fellow?” said he.
“Never mind that,” I said. “Let’s not look yet at what I think, but at what you are saying now.”
“Well then,” he said, “I say that the man who makes not good things but bad ones is not temperate, and that the one who makes good things and not bad ones is. I give you a plain definition: temperance is the doing of good things.”
164a“And perhaps there is nothing to stop you being right. But this I do wonder at,” I said, “whether you think that people who are temperate do not know that they are temperate.”
“But I don’t think so,” he said.
“Weren’t you saying a little while ago,” I said, “that
Socrates
Reading Charmides · Charmides · 163c–164a
Ask about a concept, passage, contradiction, or connection.
Socrates will begin with this book and its sources.About This Reading Edition
Socrates, Charmides, and Critias examine temperance, self-knowledge, and the knowledge of knowledge. The complete dialogue appears in Ancient Greek and English, aligned by the supplied edition’s facing pages and Stephanus references.
Historical Text and Translation
Greek: Plato, Charmides, in J. Burnet, ed., Platonis Opera, volume III (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903), transcribed by the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. The supplied edition omits words marked for deletion, retains supplied words, lightly normalizes punctuation and paragraphing, and removes a stray digital numeral at 163c. The digital Greek transcription and its modifications are provided under CC BY-SA 4.0, with attribution to the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University.
About Diotimos Editions
Diotimos Editions prepared this independently worded English translation in house. It aims for clear, measured English while preserving Plato’s conversational rhythm, philosophical distinctions, and the unfolding give-and-take of Socratic inquiry.
Rights
Plato's Greek source work is in the public domain. The 2026 English translation and Diotimos editorial matter are original to this edition and remain © 2026 Diotimos.