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Charmides · 162a–162e
Ancient Greek
p. 30Οὐκ ἄρα, ἦν δ’ ἐγώ, τὸ τὰ τοιαῦτά τε καὶ οὕτω τὰ αὑτοῦ πράττειν σωφροσύνη ἂν εἴη.
Οὐ φαίνεται.
Ἠινίττετο ἄρα, ὡς ἔοικεν, ὅπερ ἄρτι ἐγὼ ἔλεγον, ὁ λέγων τὸ τὰ αὑτοῦ πράττειν σωφροσύνην εἶναι· οὐ γάρ που οὕτω 162b γε ἦν εὐήθης. ἤ τινος ἠλιθίου ἤκουσας τουτὶ λέγοντος, ὦ Χαρμίδη;
Ἥκιστά γε, ἔφη, ἐπεί τοι καὶ πάνυ ἐδόκει σοφὸς εἶναι.
Παντὸς τοίνυν μᾶλλον, ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ, αἴνιγμα αὐτὸ προύβαλεν, ὡς ὂν χαλεπὸν τὸ τὰ αὑτοῦ πράττειν γνῶναι ὅτι ποτε ἔστιν.
Ἴσως, ἔφη.
Τί οὖν ἂν εἴη ποτὲ τὸ τὰ αὑτοῦ πράττειν; ἔχεις εἰπεῖν;
Οὐκ οἶδα μὰ Δία ἔγωγε, ἦ δ’ ὅς· ἀλλ’ ἴσως οὐδὲν κωλύει μηδὲ τὸν λέγοντα μηδὲν εἰδέναι ὅτι ἐνόει. Καὶ ἅμα ταῦτα λέγων ὑπεγέλα τε καὶ εἰς τὸν Κριτίαν ἀπέβλεπεν.
162cΚαὶ ὁ Κριτίας δῆλος μὲν ἦν καὶ πάλαι ἀγωνιῶν καὶ φιλοτίμως πρός τε τὸν Χαρμίδην καὶ πρὸς τοὺς παρόντας ἔχων, μόγις δ’ ἑαυτὸν ἐν τῷ πρόσθεν κατέχων τότε οὐχ οἷός τε ἐγένετο· δοκεῖ γάρ μοι παντὸς μᾶλλον ἀληθὲς εἶναι, ὃ ἐγὼ ὑπέλαβον, τοῦ Κριτίου ἀκηκοέναι τὸν Χαρμίδην ταύτην τὴν ἀπόκρισιν περὶ τῆς σωφροσύνης. ὁ μὲν οὖν Χαρμίδης βουλόμενος μὴ αὐτὸς ὑπέχειν λόγον ἀλλ’ ἐκεῖνον τῆς ἀποκρίσεως, 162d ὑπεκίνει αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνον, καὶ ἐνεδείκνυτο ὡς ἐξεληλεγμένος εἴη· ὁ δ’ οὐκ ἠνέσχετο, ἀλλά μοι ἔδοξεν ὀργισθῆναι αὐτῷ ὥσπερ ποιητὴς ὑποκριτῇ κακῶς διατιθέντι τὰ ἑαυτοῦ ποιήματα. ὥστ’ ἐμβλέψας αὐτῷ εἶπεν, Οὕτως οἴει, ὦ Χαρμίδη, εἰ σὺ μὴ οἶσθα ὅτι ποτ’ ἐνόει ὃς ἔφη σωφροσύνην εἶναι τὸ τὰ ἑαυτοῦ πράττειν, οὐδὲ δὴ ἐκεῖνον εἰδέναι;
Ἀλλ’, ὦ βέλτιστε, ἔφην ἐγώ, Κριτία, τοῦτον μὲν οὐδὲν 162e θαυμαστὸν ἀγνοεῖν τηλικοῦτον ὄντα· σὲ δέ που εἰκὸς εἰδέναι
Charmides
p. 31“So doing one’s own business,” I said, “in things of this kind and in this way, would not be temperance.”
“It seems not.”
“Then, as it seems, the man who said that temperance was doing one’s own business was speaking in riddles, as I said just now; for surely he was not 162b such a simpleton. Or was it some fool you heard saying this, Charmides?”
“Far from it,” he said. “He was thought to be very wise indeed.”1
“Then I am quite certain he put it forward as a riddle, on the view that it is hard to know what on earth doing one’s own business is.”
“Perhaps,” he said.
“So what could doing one’s own business be? Can you say?”
“By Zeus, I don’t know,” said he. “But perhaps there is nothing to stop even the man who said it from not knowing what he meant.” And as he said this he laughed slyly and looked across at Critias.
162cCritias had plainly been on edge for some time, and eager to shine before Charmides and the company; he had held himself back with difficulty until then, but now he could contain himself no longer. For I think it was entirely true, as I had suspected, that Charmides had heard this answer about temperance from Critias. So Charmides, wanting not to answer for the definition himself but to have Critias answer for it, 162d kept prodding him, and made out that he had been refuted. Critias would not put up with it: he seemed to me as angry with Charmides as a poet is with an actor who makes a mess of the poet’s own verses.2 So he fixed his eyes on him and said, “Do you really think, Charmides, that if you don’t know what the man meant who said that temperance was doing one’s own business, then he doesn’t know either?”
“But my good Critias,” I said, “it is no 162e wonder that he doesn’t know, at his age. You, though, may reasonably be expected to know,
Socrates
Reading Charmides · Charmides · 162a–162e
Ask about a concept, passage, contradiction, or connection.
Socrates will begin with this book and its sources.About This Reading Edition
Socrates, Charmides, and Critias examine temperance, self-knowledge, and the knowledge of knowledge. The complete dialogue appears in Ancient Greek and English, aligned by the supplied edition’s facing pages and Stephanus references.
Historical Text and Translation
Greek: Plato, Charmides, in J. Burnet, ed., Platonis Opera, volume III (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903), transcribed by the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. The supplied edition omits words marked for deletion, retains supplied words, lightly normalizes punctuation and paragraphing, and removes a stray digital numeral at 163c. The digital Greek transcription and its modifications are provided under CC BY-SA 4.0, with attribution to the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University.
About Diotimos Editions
Diotimos Editions prepared this independently worded English translation in house. It aims for clear, measured English while preserving Plato’s conversational rhythm, philosophical distinctions, and the unfolding give-and-take of Socratic inquiry.
Rights
Plato's Greek source work is in the public domain. The 2026 English translation and Diotimos editorial matter are original to this edition and remain © 2026 Diotimos.