Hipparchus

Glossary of Key Terms

The English words on which the argument depends, in alphabetical order, with the Greek they render and the places where they matter, by Stephanus page. Where a word has a longer entry in the Key Words of the Dialogue, the Glossary says so.

acquire, κτᾶσθαι (ktasthai); possess, κεκτῆσθαι (kektēsthai); possession, κτῆμα (ktēma). Gain as “every possession that one acquires”, 231a; a disease or health acquired at a feast, 231b; “acquires more”, 231c; what is of worth is “worth possessing”, 231e. See get and Key Words, Possession, acquire, spend.

agree, ὁμολογεῖν, προσομολογεῖν (homologein, prosomologein); concur, συμφάναι (symphanai). The companion’s assent to the steps of the argument: 225c, 227c–d, 228a, 230d–e, 232a–b. “Concur” is kept for συμφάναι, 232b. See Key Words, Agree, take back.

argument, λόγος (logos). 226e (“by the argument”), 227c (“Which of the two arguments”), 228a and 229e (“in the arguments”), 232a–c.

at a loss, be at a loss, ἀπορεῖν (aporein). 231c, twice. It has nothing to do with loss.

bad, κακός (kakos). Never “evil”: loss is bad, 227a, 229e; men hate bad things, 227c; the opposite of a bad thing, 228a, 230a; good food and bad food, 230a–b, 230e; some gain bad, 230a; a bad thing acquired is loss, and loss bad, 231b–c. See good and Key Words, Good and bad, benefit and harm.

base, πονηρός (ponēros); decent, χρηστός (chrēstos). Of men, 225b, 227d, 230c, 232b–c; of gain, 227e, 230c, 231a, 232a; of drink, 230e–231a; “does any decent and good thing seem to you to be base?”, 227e. See Key Words, Decent and base.

be benefited, ὠφελεῖσθαι (ōpheleisthai); beneficial, ὠφέλιμος (ōphelimos); of no benefit, ἀνωφελής (anōphelēs); be harmed, βλάπτεσθαι (blaptesthai). Men are harmed by loss, 227a; “to gain is to be benefited”, 227d; the gains “from which they are going to be harmed”, 227e; what is worth possessing is beneficial, and the beneficial good, 231e–232a. See Key Words, Good and bad, benefit and harm.

be ignorant, ἀγνοεῖν (agnoein); know, γιγνώσκειν (gignōskein); have knowledge of, ἐπιστήμων (epistēmōn); senseless, ἀνόητος (anoētos). Do the lovers of gain know, or are they ignorant, 225a–b; the knowledge of worth, 225c; the farmer and the craftsmen, 225d–226c; “if not knowing it, plainly being ignorant of it”, 226e. See Key Words, Know, be ignorant, senseless.

compel, ἀναγκάζειν (anankazein). Hipparchus compelled the rhapsodes, 228b; the argument has “compelled” rather than persuaded, 232b. See obey and Key Words, Obey, persuade, compel.

deceive, ἐξαπατᾶν (exapatan). 225d, 228a, 229b (“do not deceive a friend”), 229e. See Key Words, Deceive.

decent: see base.

dishonour, ἀτιμία (atimia). The sister’s at the basket-bearing, 229c, and Harmodius’ and Aristogeiton’s when the young man despised them, 229d.

dispute, ἀμφισβητεῖν (amphisbētein). 232a.

drink: see food.

educate, παιδεύειν (paideuein). Hipparchus’ purpose, 228c–e; Aristogeiton “prided himself on having educated a man”, 229c. See wisdom and Key Words, Wisdom, educate.

equally, ὁμοίως (homoiōs). Good food and bad food “equally food”, 230b, 230e; decent and base gain “equally gain”, 230c–d.

fine and good man, καλὸς κἀγαθός (kalos kagathos). Hipparchus, 228c.

food, σιτίον (sition); drink, ποτόν (poton); nourishment, τροφή (trophē). The horse’s food, 226a–b; good food and bad food, 230a–b, 230e; drink, 230b, 230e–231a; food the “dry”, drink “the wet nourishment of the body”, 230e–231a. See Key Words, Food, drink, nourishment.

gain (noun and verb), κέρδος, κερδαίνειν (kerdos, kerdainein). Throughout; the argument turns on it at 225a–228a and 229e–232c. Gainful is κερδαλέος (kerdaleos), 230d, 231e, 232a; without gain, ἀκερδής (akerdēs), 231e. See lover of gain, loss and Key Words, Gain, lover of gain.

get, λαμβάνειν (lambanein); spend, ἀναλίσκειν (analiskein). Spending nothing, or spending less and getting more, 231a; feasting without spending, 231b; spending less gold or silver, 231c; half a weight of gold for twice that weight of silver, 231d. See acquire.

good, ἀγαθός (agathos). “Then gain is good”, 227a; all men love good things, 227b–c; good men, 227d, 232a; a decent and good thing, 227e; the opposite of a bad thing, good, 228a; “a good and wise man”, 228b; good gain and bad gain, 230a; good food and bad food, 230a–b, 230e; a good thing acquired is gain, and gain good, 231b–c; the beneficial is good, 232a; all gains good, 232b. See bad and Key Words, Good and bad, benefit and harm.

inscriptions, γράμματα (grammata), of the Delphic sayings, 228e, and ἐπίγραμμα (epigramma; Burnet’s dual τὠπιγράμματε), of the two inscriptions on each Herm, 228e; inscribe, ἐπιγράφειν (epigraphein), 228d, 229a.

intelligent, ἔμφρων (emphrōn). The other intelligent men, beside the craftsmen, 226c.

know: see be ignorant.

look into, σκοπεῖν, ἐπισκέψασθαι (skopein, episkepsasthai). Socrates’ word for inquiry: 230d, 231a.

loss, ζημία (zēmia); suffer loss, ζημιοῦσθαι (zēmiousthai). The pilot, 226b; gain the opposite of loss, 226e–227a, 228a, 229e; loss bad, 227a, 229e; suffering loss by base gain, 227e; the feast, 231b; loss again bad, 231c; gold for silver, 231d. Not at a loss. See Key Words, Loss, suffer loss.

love, φιλεῖν (philein). The lovers of gain love gain, 226e; all men love good things, 227b–c; the base love gains small and great, 232c. See lover of gain.

lover of gain, φιλοκερδής (philokerdēs); the love of gain, τὸ φιλοκερδές (to philokerdes); love gain, φιλοκερδεῖν (philokerdein). The question, 225a; the three answers, 225a–b, 226d–e, 227c–d; all men lovers of gain, 227c, 232c. See Key Words, Gain, lover of gain.

madmen, μανικοί (manikoi). Those who love the good are not madmen, 227b.

obey, πείθεσθαι (peithesthai); be persuaded, πεισθῆναι (peisthēnai); persuade, πείθειν (peithein); disobey, ἀπιστεῖν (apistein). Socrates would obey “a good and wise man”, 228b, and not disobey Hipparchus, 229b; the companion: “you do not obey Hipparchus”, 229d; Hipparchus persuaded Simonides with fees and gifts, 228c; the companion “cannot be persuaded”, 229d; “compelled … rather than persuaded”, 232b. See compel and Key Words, Obey, persuade, compel.

opponent, ἀνταγωνιστής (antagōnistēs). Hipparchus, to Aristogeiton, 229c.

persuade: see obey.

plot, ἐπιβουλεύειν (epibouleuein). Hipparchus “plotting in turn to educate those in the country”, 228d.

possession: see acquire.

reproach, ὀνειδίζειν (oneidizein). 232c.

sayings, ῥήματα (rhēmata). The “wise sayings” of men clever at lawsuits, 225c; the sayings of Hipparchus, 228e.

senseless: see be ignorant.

speak auspiciously, εὐφημεῖν (euphēmein). 228b.

spend: see get.

take back, ἀνατίθεσθαι (anatithesthai); play draughts, πεττεύειν (petteuein). 229e–230a. See Key Words, Agree, take back.

think, ἡγεῖσθαι, οἴεσθαι (hēgeisthai, oiesthai). Throughout, including “think that man a lover of gain”, 227d, and “think me a friend”, 229d.

think fit, ἀξιοῦν (axioun). 225a–d, 226c, 227d. See worth and Key Words, Worth, think fit.

unscrupulous, πανοῦργος (panourgos); no match for gain, ἥττων τοῦ κέρδους (hēttōn tou kerdous); shamelessness, ἀναισχυντία (anaischyntia). The companion’s first description of the lovers of gain, 225a–b.

wisdom, wise, σοφία, σοφός (sophia, sophos). The “wise sayings” of men clever at lawsuits, 225c; Hipparchus’ wisdom and his sayings, 228b–e; “those wise inscriptions at Delphi”, 228e; Harmodius and Aristogeiton admired “as wise”, 229d. See educate and Key Words, Wisdom, educate.

wish, βούλεσθαι (boulesthai); desire, ἐπιθυμεῖν (epithymein). Everyone wishes for good things, 227d, and decent men, 232b; good men too wish to have all gains, 227d, though the companion held that they do not wish to gain all gains, 232a; Hipparchus wished to educate, 228c; “whatever you wish”, 229e; Socrates offers to say that “men do not all desire good things”, 229e.

worth, ἄξιος, ἀξία (axios, axia); worth nothing, οὐδενὸς ἄξιος (oudenos axios); of worth, of no worth, ἄξιον, ἀνάξιον (axion, anaxion); worth possessing, ἄξιον κεκτῆσθαι (axion kektēsthai). Things worth nothing, 225a–226e; the worth of plants, 225c; gold and silver, 231d; “gain must have this belonging to it as well: worth”, 231d; of worth and of no worth, 231e. See acquire, think fit and Key Words, Worth, think fit.