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Marsilio Ficino

Marsilio Ficino’s Platonic Theology, Volume II

Books V–VIII · Latin with an independent English translation

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Marsilio Ficino’s Platonic Theology, Volume IIBook VIII · Chapter 8 · §§ 1–2

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Latin Page · Branch 176 of 191

Book VIII · Chapter 8 · §§ 1–2

Latin

p. 346

Octava ratio. Forma est in mente universalis. Talis in corpore esse non potest.

Corpus et forma per corpus extensa adeo, ut ita loquar, materialia sunt ac particulari situi temporique astricta, ut universalem vim nullam habeant. Quo enim quid corporali materiae propinquat magis, eo angustius est; quo discedit longius, eo fit amplius. Quamobrem si intellectus esset corpus vel forma diffusa per ipsum, formae omnes ab eo susceptae, etiam si in se ipsis essent universales, in eo saltem particulares omnino materialesque evaderent. Nam formae in subiecto quod est astrictum materiae passionibus nullam vim retinent ad universale quicquam repraesentandum. Ita intellectus quicquid cogitaret per formam materialem singularibusque condicionibus astrictam excogitaret. Cum vero operatio rei cuiusque formam rei operantis sequatur, intellectus per talem formam operans, id est excogitans, singulariter solum operaretur. Qualis autem operatio est, tale semper est opus. Ideo intellectus singulariter cogitans sola singularia cogitaret, neque commune quicquam et universale cognosceret. Unum quidem hominem, puta Socratem vel Platonem, in se revolveret; humanam vero naturam illis aeque communem minime. Neque regulam in moribus et artibus ad plura universalem statueret, neque legem conderet umquam multos hominum actus respicientem.

Si mens etiam sine electione et usu quotidie in se ipsa formas parit universales, fit ut ipsa fons earum naturalis sit et receptaculum naturale. Formae huiusmodi propriae alicui materiae minime astringuntur; neque mens igitur materiae alligatur, neque corrumpetur umquam. Corruptio enim ex materiae insidiis provenit.

346

Marsilio Ficino’s Platonic Theology, Volume II: Book VIII

p. 347

Eighth argument. A form in the mind is universal; such a form cannot exist in a body.

A body, and a form extended throughout a body, are so material, if I may speak in this way, and so bound to a particular place and time that they possess no universal power. For the nearer a thing comes to bodily matter, the narrower it is; the farther it withdraws, the more ample it becomes. Therefore, if the intellect were a body or a form diffused throughout one, every form it received—even if universal in itself—would at least become wholly particular and material within it. Forms in a subject bound by the passions of matter retain no power to represent anything universal. Whatever the intellect thought, then, it would think through a material form bound by singular conditions. Since the activity of every thing follows the form of the thing acting, an intellect operating through such a form—that is, thinking through it—would operate only in a singular manner. The work is always of the same character as the operation. Thus an intellect thinking singularly would think only singular things and would know nothing common or universal. It would turn over within itself one individual human being, such as Socrates or Plato, but by no means the human nature equally common to them both. Nor would it establish in morals and the arts a universal rule applying to many instances, or ever frame a law governing the actions of many human beings.

If the mind, even without deliberate choice or habitual practice, brings forth universal forms within itself day after day, it follows that it is their natural source and their natural receptacle. Forms of this kind are in no way bound to any matter as its exclusive property. The mind therefore is not bound to matter and will never be corrupted, for corruption arises from the snares of matter.

347

About This Reading Edition

Volume II continues Ficino’s inquiry into the immortality of the soul through Books V–VIII. Its arguments consider the rational soul’s self-motion, its relation to the body, sensation, and the powers of the mind. The Latin and independent English translation follow the supplied edition’s facing pages and matching comparison units.

Historical Text and Translation

The Latin reading text is independently established from the Florence 1482 editio princeps (M1482), collated against the Paris 1559 printing (G1559), with the Paris 1641 Opera used only as a late control. Abbreviations are expanded, spelling and punctuation are conservatively normalized, and consequential readings are recorded in the apparatus.

About Diotimos Editions

Diotimos Editions prepared this independent English translation in the voice established in Volume I, preserving Ficino’s argumentative sequence, metaphors, technical distinctions, repetitions, conditions, purposes, and qualifications. Editorial notes and witness variants accompany their passages as numbered notes. The edition and source statement, contents, and reading guidance are also retained. The source locator register remains available in the downloadable edition.

Rights

Ficino’s Latin source work is in the public domain. The 2026 English translation and Diotimos editorial matter are original to this edition and remain © 2026 Diotimos.