Diotimos Library · Renaissance Collection · Bilingual Edition
Marsilio Ficino’s Platonic Theology, Volume II
Books V–VIII · Latin with an independent English translation
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English Page · Branch 158 of 191
Book VIII · Chapter 3 · §§ 5–6
Latin
p. 310Quapropter speculativa virtus non gradatim a parte sui in aliam sui partem progreditur, sed tota simul e vestigio lucet. Virtus quoque moralis est voluntas quaedam constans quodcumque ratio dictaverit eligendi. Si partes habeat multas fiatque sensim, pars huius voluntatis inerit, pars adhuc aberit. Quantum pars inest, volumus; quantum pars abest, etiam nolumus. Sic eandem rem simul per eandem vim animae volemus pariter atque nolemus, quod est monstro persimile.
Quoniam igitur virtus fit momento indivisibili, est ipsa quoque indivisibilis, si modo natura cuiusque propriam originem sequitur, praesertim cum finem habeat indivisibilem. Cuius autem ortus et finis individuus est, cur non sit ipsum etiam individuum? Quis virtutis finis? Moralis quidem finis, animam a corpore divisibili purgare atque seiungere; speculativae autem, incorporeas universalesque rerum rationes a dividuis corporibus procul positas comprehendere. Cernis finem utriusque virtutis, sicut et ortum, esse individuum aliquid, ideoque virtutes ipsas oportere individuas iudicari. Ostendunt utraeque virtutes huiusmodi quandam sui naturam in eo quam maxime, quod multae scientiae simul in intellectu sunt, multae virtutes morales simul in appetitu, neque sese sua numerositate confundunt, sed augent potius et lucidant. Atque unius scientiae conceptionem in nobis seorsum ab alia pervidemus, ita ut sine consideratione alterius possimus alteram cogitare. Proinde tales habemus artificiorum ideas in mente, unitas, inquam, pariter et distinctas, usque adeo ut possimus ad unius ideae exemplar loqui et fabricare aliquid ipsi proprium, etiam si nihil ad alterius conceptionis exemplar agamus. Corpora esse nequeunt tales intelligentiae, quae ita in eodem manent animae gremio, ut neque sese detrudant pellantque, neque se mutua mixtione confundant. Eadem est de moralibus virtutibus ratio.
Marsilio Ficino’s Platonic Theology, Volume II: Book VIII
p. 311Therefore contemplative virtue does not advance gradually from one part of itself to another; it shines forth all at once and immediately. Moral virtue likewise is a certain steadfast will to choose whatever reason dictates. If it possessed many parts and came into being by degrees, part of this will would be present while part was still absent. To the extent that one part was present, we would will; to the extent that another was absent, we would also not will. By the same power of the soul, then, we would simultaneously will and not will the same thing, which would be very like a monstrosity.
Since virtue, then, comes into being in an indivisible moment, it too is indivisible, provided that the nature of each thing follows its proper origin—especially since virtue also has an indivisible end. When a thing’s origin and end are indivisible, why should the thing itself not also be indivisible? What is the end of virtue? The end of moral virtue is to purify and separate the soul from the divisible body; that of contemplative virtue is to apprehend the incorporeal and universal principles of things, placed far beyond divisible bodies. You see that the end of each kind of virtue, like its origin, is something indivisible, and therefore that the virtues themselves must be judged indivisible. Both kinds of virtue reveal this nature of theirs most clearly in the following fact: many branches of knowledge coexist in the intellect and many moral virtues in appetite, yet their number does not confuse them with one another; rather, they increase and illuminate one another. Within ourselves we discern the conception belonging to one branch of knowledge separately from another, so that we can think of either without considering the other. Thus we hold in the mind ideas of the arts—united, I say, and at the same time distinct—so much so that we can speak and fashion something proper to the exemplar of one Idea even if we do nothing according to the exemplar conceived by another. Acts of intelligence such as these cannot be bodies. They remain together in the same bosom of the soul without dislodging and driving one another out or becoming confused through mutual mixture. The same reasoning applies to the moral virtues.
Socrates
Reading Marsilio Ficino’s Platonic Theology, Volume II · Book VIII · VIII.3.5–VIII.3.6
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Socrates will begin with this book and its sources.About This Reading Edition
Volume II continues Ficino’s inquiry into the immortality of the soul through Books V–VIII. Its arguments consider the rational soul’s self-motion, its relation to the body, sensation, and the powers of the mind. The Latin and independent English translation follow the supplied edition’s facing pages and matching comparison units.
Historical Text and Translation
The Latin reading text is independently established from the Florence 1482 editio princeps (M1482), collated against the Paris 1559 printing (G1559), with the Paris 1641 Opera used only as a late control. Abbreviations are expanded, spelling and punctuation are conservatively normalized, and consequential readings are recorded in the apparatus.
About Diotimos Editions
Diotimos Editions prepared this independent English translation in the voice established in Volume I, preserving Ficino’s argumentative sequence, metaphors, technical distinctions, repetitions, conditions, purposes, and qualifications. Editorial notes and witness variants accompany their passages as numbered notes. The edition and source statement, contents, and reading guidance are also retained. The source locator register remains available in the downloadable edition.
Rights
Ficino’s Latin source work is in the public domain. The 2026 English translation and Diotimos editorial matter are original to this edition and remain © 2026 Diotimos.
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- public-domain-base-witnessFlorence 1482 editio princeps — Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
- collating-witness-cc-by-4.0Paris 1559 printing — Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- late-control-and-ocr-aidParis 1641 Opera printing — Internet Archive