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Marsilio Ficino

Marsilio Ficino’s Platonic Theology, Volume I

Proem and Books I–IV · Latin with an independent English translation

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Marsilio Ficino’s Platonic Theology, Volume IBook I · Chapter 6 · §§ 5–6

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Book I · Chapter 6 · §§ 5–6

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Latin

p. 84

Cum vero angelus non sit simplex omnino, sed habeat numerum, super numerum autem unitas esse debeat, quia unitas est numeri totius origo et unione non indiget, multitudo autem natura sua indiget unione, necessarium est super angelum esse aliud quiddam, quod non modo immobile sit, sed unum penitus atque simplex. Ille quidem est Deus, tanto rerum potentissimus omnium, quanto est omnium simplicissimus. Siquidem in simplicitate consistit unio, in unitate potestas.

Deum nemo dicere audeat ex pluribus esse compositum, quia si modo recte compositus fuerit, ex aliquo constabit quod erit tamquam subiectum, et aliquo quod erit tamquam forma. Itaque non erit Deus undique perfectissimus, cum in eo sit pars altera imperfectior altera, et quaelibet pars imperfectior ipso toto. Non erit agens summum, quia non per se totum aget quicquid aget, sed per partem alteram, id est formam. Non erit beatissimus, quia non fruetur ubique se ipso. Non enim se totum in membro quolibet complectetur. Videbit autem in se aliquid aliud praeter Deum, quoniam non idem pars est et totum. Beatior certe futurus est, si quicquid ipse videbit in se sit ipse, nusquam sibi desit, sed sibimet totus occurrat ubique. Denique pars illa quae ponebatur in Deo quasi subiectum, quia secundum se cogitatur informis, se ipsam formare non potest. Pars insuper altera quae vicem formae gerebat, quia non consistit in se, multo minus ex se potest exsistere. Formabitur ergo Deus iste compositus a forma quadam superiore. Atque illa potius erit Deus. Haec autem est prima discursio per quam probamus super angelum esse Deum.

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Marsilio Ficino’s Platonic Theology, Volume I: Book I

p. 85

Since the angel is not altogether simple but possesses number, while above number there must be unity—because unity is the origin of all number and has no need of union, whereas multiplicity by its nature needs union—it is necessary that above the angel there be something else, not merely immobile but wholly one and simple. That indeed is God, the most powerful of all things in the same measure that he is the simplest of all. For union consists in simplicity, and power in unity.

Let no one dare to say that God is composed of many things. For if he were composite in any proper sense, he would consist of one thing that served as subject and another that served as form. God would therefore not be perfect in every respect, since one part within him would be more imperfect than another, and every part would be more imperfect than the whole itself. He would not be the supreme agent, because he would not act with his whole self in whatever he did, but through one part, namely form. He would not be supremely blessed, because he would not enjoy himself everywhere; for he would not contain his whole self in every member. He would see within himself something other than God, since part and whole are not the same. He would surely be more blessed if whatever he saw within himself were himself, if he were nowhere absent from himself, but encountered his whole self everywhere. Finally, the part posited in God as a subject could not form itself, because considered in itself it is formless. The other part, which played the role of form, could much less exist from itself, because it does not subsist in itself. This composite God would therefore be formed by some higher form; and that higher form would have a better claim to be God. This is the first line of reasoning by which we prove that God is above the angel.

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About This Reading Edition

Marsilio Ficino’s Platonic Theology places the immortality of the soul at the center of an extended philosophical ascent through body, soul, angel, and God. This exact page-aligned Renaissance edition presents the authorial Proem and Books I–IV in a newly established Latin reading text with an independent English translation prepared by Diotimos Editions.

Discussion Questions

Historical Text and Translation

The Latin reading text is based on the Florence editio princeps printed by Antonio Miscomini on 7 November 1482 and principally collated against the Paris 1559 printing, with a 1641 Opera printing used only as a late control and OCR aid. Abbreviations are expanded, spelling and punctuation are conservatively normalized, and substantive departures among the witnesses are documented in the edition’s apparatus.

About Diotimos Editions

Diotimos Editions prepared this independently worded English translation in house. It aims for a dignified but readable modern register while preserving Ficino’s argumentative sequence, metaphors, technical distinctions, repetitions, conditions, purpose clauses, and direct appeals; long periods are divided only where clarity requires it.

Rights

Ficino’s Latin source work is in the public domain. The 2026 English translation and Diotimos editorial matter are original to this edition and remain © 2026 Diotimos.