Epinomis

Name: Epinomis
Author: Plato

Ancient Greek with an independent English translation.

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EpinomisEpinomis · 991a–991e

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English Page · Branch 26 of 32

Epinomis · 991a–991e

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Ancient Greek

p. 46

διπλάσιον, ἀφ’ ἑνὸς εἰς ὀκτὼ διαπορευθεῖσα· ἡ δὲ διπλασίου μὲν εἰς μέσον, ἴσως δὲ τοῦ ἐλάττονος πλέον ἔλαττόν τε τοῦ μείζονος, τὸ δ’ ἕτερον τῷ αὐτῷ μέρει τῶν ἄκρων αὐτῶν ὑπερέχον τε καὶ ὑπερεχόμενον—ἐν μέσῳ δὲ τοῦ ἓξ πρὸς τὰ 991b δώδεκα συνέβη τό τε ἡμιόλιον καὶ ἐπίτριτον—τούτων αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ μέσῳ ἐπ’ ἀμφότερα στρεφομένη τοῖς ἀνθρώποις σύμφωνον χρείαν καὶ σύμμετρον ἀπενείματο παιδιᾶς ῥυθμοῦ τε καὶ ἁρμονίας χάριν, εὐδαίμονι χορείᾳ Μουσῶν δεδομένη.

Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν δὴ ταύτῃ γιγνέσθω τε καὶ ἐχέτω σύμπαντα· τὸ δ’ ἐπὶ τούτοις τέλος, εἰς θείαν γένεσιν ἅμα καὶ τὴν τῶν ὁρατῶν καλλίστην τε καὶ θειοτάτην φύσιν ἰτέον, ὅσην ἀνθρώποις θεὸς ἔδωκεν κατιδεῖν, ἣν οὔποτε ἄνευ τῶν νῦν 991c διειρημένων μὴ κατιδὼν ἐπεύξηταί τις ῥᾳστώνῃ παραλαβεῖν. πρὸς τούτοις δὲ τὸ καθ’ ἓν τῷ κατ’ εἴδη προσακτέον ἐν ἑκάσταις ταῖς συνουσίαις, ἐρωτῶντά τε καὶ ἐλέγχοντα τὰ μὴ καλῶς ῥηθέντα· πάντως γὰρ καλλίστη καὶ πρώτη βάσανος ἀνθρώποις ὀρθῶς γίγνεται, ὅσαι δὲ οὐκ οὖσαι προσποιοῦνται, ματαιότατος πόνος ἁπάντων. ἔτι δὲ τὴν ἀκρίβειαν τοῦ χρόνου ἡμῖν ληπτέον, ὡς ἀκριβῶς ἀποτελεῖ πάντα τὰ κατ’ 991d οὐρανὸν γιγνόμενα, ἵν’ ὁ πιστεύσας ὡς ὁ λόγος ἀληθὴς γέγονεν ὅτι πρεσβύτερόν τ’ ἐστὶν ἅμα καὶ θειότερον ψυχὴ σώματος, ἡγήσαιτ’ ἂν παγκάλως τε καὶ ἱκανῶς εἰρῆσθαι τὸ θεῶν εἶναι πάντα πλέα καὶ μηδέποτε λήθῃ μηδὲ ἀμελείᾳ τῶν κρειττόνων ἡμᾶς παρωλιγωρῆσθαι. νοητέον δ’ ἐστὶν περὶ πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτα τόδε, ὡς, ἐὰν μέν τις ἕκαστα τούτων ὀρθῶς λαμβάνῃ, μέγ’ ὄφελος γίγνεται τῷ παραλαμβάνοντι κατὰ τρόπον, εἰ δὲ μή, θεὸν ἄμεινον ἀεὶ καλεῖν· ὁ δὲ τρόπος ὅδε 991e —ἀνάγκη γὰρ τό γε τοσοῦτον φράζειν—πᾶν διάγραμμα ἀριθμοῦ τε σύστημα καὶ ἁρμονίας σύστασιν ἅπασαν τῆς τε τῶν ἄστρων περιφορᾶς τὴν ὁμολογίαν οὖσαν μίαν ἁπάντων

Epinomis

p. 47

double, having passed from one to eight; and the one that is of the double into the mean — one mean being equally more than the lesser and less than the greater, the other exceeding and exceeded by the same part of the extremes themselves; in the middle of six to 991b twelve there came about both the one-and-a-half and the one-and-a-third — this one, turning to both sides in the middle of these very ones, has assigned to men a use concordant and commensurate, for the sake of the play of rhythm and harmony, being given by the happy dance of the Muses.¹

Let all these things, then, come about in this way and be so. But as the goal after these, one must go to the divine coming into being and at once to the finest and most divine nature of visible things, as much of it as a god has given men to observe; which, without the things now 991c set out, no one, having observed it, will ever pray to take over with ease. In addition to these, one must bring what is one by one to what is by forms, in each of the gatherings, questioning and refuting what has not been said well;² for in every way this proves rightly the finest and first test for men, while all that pretend to be tests and are not are the most futile labor of all. Further, we must grasp the precision of time, how precisely it accomplishes all the things 991d that come about in the heaven, so that one who has trusted that the account has turned out true, that soul is at once older and more divine than body, would think that it has been said altogether finely and well enough that all things are full of gods, and that we have never been slighted through the forgetfulness or the neglect of those who are stronger.³ And about all such things this must be noted: that if someone takes each of them rightly, it becomes a great benefit to the one who takes them over in the right way; but if not, it is better always to call on a god. And the way is this — 991e for it is necessary to declare this much, at least — every diagram, and system of number, and every combination of harmony, and the agreement of the revolution of the stars, as being one for them all,

About This Reading Edition

The complete Epinomis, 973a–992e: the Athenian stranger, Clinias, and Megillus examine wisdom, number, the soul, and the ordered heavens. Burnet’s Greek faces a new Diotimos Editions English translation, with an introduction, key words, outline, glossary, critical apparatus, and linked translator notes. Transmitted under Plato’s name, the dialogue’s authorship is disputed; the supplied Introduction presents the question without deciding it.

Historical Text and Translation

Greek: Epinomis, transmitted under Plato’s name, with disputed authorship, in John Burnet, Platonis Opera, volume V, part II (Oxford, 1907; a later impression printed by John Johnson, issued 1936–1945). The words were taken from the Perseus Digital Library transcription and checked against the printed pages by the supplied edition; Burnet’s lineation and critical apparatus are retained. The digital Greek transcription and its modifications are attributed to the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, under CC BY-SA 4.0. English translation and editorial matter: Diotimos Editions, 2026.

About Diotimos Editions

This historical edition credits Diotimos Editions as its English translator.

Rights

The ancient Greek work and Burnet’s printed edition are in the public domain. The Perseus digital Greek transcription and its modifications are reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. The new English translation and editorial matter are credited to Diotimos Editions, 2026; no open license is stated in the supplied edition.