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Plato

Epinomis

Ancient Greek with an independent English translation.

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EpinomisEpinomis · 985b–986a

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Epinomis · 985b–986a

Ancient Greek

p. 32

δὲ ἀποκρυφθὲν ἄδηλον γιγνόμενον, θαῦμα κατ’ ἀμυδρὰν ὄψιν 985c παρεχόμενον. τούτων δὴ τῶν πέντε ὄντως ὄντων ζῴων, ὅπῃ τινὲς ἐνέτυχον ἡμῶν, ἢ καθ’ ὕπνον ἐν ὀνειροπολίᾳ προστυχόντες, ἢ κατὰ φήμας τε καὶ μαντείας λεχθέν τισιν ἐν ἀκοαῖς ὑγιαίνουσιν ἢ καὶ κάμνουσιν, ἢ καὶ τελευτῇ βίου προστυχέσι γενομένοις, ἰδίᾳ τε καὶ δημοσίᾳ δόξας παραγενομένας, ὅθεν ἱερὰ πολλὰ πολλῶν γέγονεν, τὰ δὲ γενήσεται, τούτων πάντων νομοθέτης, ὅστις νοῦν κέκτηται καὶ τὸν βραχύτατον, οὔποτε μὴ τολμήσῃ καινοτομῶν, ἐπὶ θεοσέβειαν ἥτις μὴ σαφὲς ἔχει 985d τι τρέψαι πόλιν ἑαυτοῦ· καὶ μὴν οὐδ’ ὧν ὁ πάτριος νόμος εἴρηκεν περὶ θυσιῶν ἀποκωλύσει, μηδὲν τὸ παράπαν εἰδώς, ὥσπερ οὐδ’ ὂν δυνατὸν εἰδέναι τῇ θνητῇ φύσει τῶν τοιούτων πέρι. τοὺς δὲ ὄντως ἡμῖν φανεροὺς ὄντας θεοὺς ἆρ’ οὐχ αὑτὸς λόγος ἔχει κακίστους εἶναι τοὺς μὴ τολμῶντας λέγειν ἡμῖν καὶ φανεροὺς ποιεῖν ἀνοργιάστους τε ὄντας ἑτέρους θεοὺς καὶ τιμὰς μὴ δεχομένους τὰς προσηκούσας αὐτοῖς; νῦν 985e δὲ δὴ συμβαίνει γιγνόμενον ἅμα τὸ τοιοῦτον· οἷον γὰρ εἴ ποτέ τις ἡμῶν ἥλιον ἢ σελήνην ἑωρακὼς ἦν γιγνομένους ἐφορῶντάς τε ἡμᾶς πάντας, καὶ μὴ ἔφραζεν ἀδύνατος ὤν πῃ φράζειν, τιμῆς τε ἀμοίρους ὄντας ἅμα καὶ μὴ προθυμοῖτο τό γε αὑτοῦ μέρος, εἰς ἔντιμον χώραν καταφανεῖς ἄγων αὐτούς, ἑορτάς τε αὐτοῖς γίγνεσθαι ποιεῖν καὶ θυσίας, ἀπολαμβανόμενόν τε χρόνον ἑκάστοις μειζόνων καὶ ἐλαττόνων πολλάκις 986a ἐνιαυτῶν ὥρας διανέμειν, ἆρ’ οὐκ ἂν κακὸς ἑαυτῷ τε καὶ ἄλλῳ τῷ γιγνώσκοντι λεγόμενος ἐν δίκῃ συνεδόκει λέγεσθαί ποτ’ ἄν;

ΚΛ. Πῶς γὰρ οὔκ, ὦ ξένε; κάκιστος μὲν οὖν.

ΑΘ. Τοῦτο τοίνυν, ὦ Κλεινία φίλε, περὶ ἐμὲ νῦν γιγνόμενον ἴσθι φανερῶς.

ΚΛ. Πῶς λέγεις;

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Epinomis

p. 33

hidden away and becoming unseen, 985c presenting a wonder to dim sight. Of these five living beings, then, that really are, in whatever way some of us have met with them, whether meeting with them in sleep, in dreaming, or through voices and oracles told to some in their hearing, in health or in sickness too, or also to those who have met with the end of life, opinions that have arisen in private and in public, from which many sacred rites of many have come to be, and others will come to be — of all these, the lawgiver who has acquired sense, even the least, will never dare, innovating, 985d to turn his city to a reverence toward the gods that has nothing clear about it; nor indeed will he prevent what the ancestral law has said about sacrifices, knowing nothing at all, as it is not even possible for mortal nature to know about such things. But as for the gods who are really manifest to us, does not the same account1 hold that those are the worst who do not dare to speak of them to us and make it manifest that they are other gods, who are without rites and do not receive the honors that belong to them? 985e But now, as it is, just such a thing turns out to be happening at the same time. For it is as if one of us had ever seen the sun or the moon coming into being and looking down on us all, and did not declare it, being in some way unable to declare it, and they, at the same time, were without a portion of honor, and he were not eager, for his own part at least, by bringing them, plainly seen, into an honored place, to make feasts and sacrifices take place for them, and, setting apart a time for each, 986a to distribute the seasons of years often longer and shorter: would he not, if he were called bad, seem to himself and to anyone else who knew to be called so justly?

Clin. Of course, stranger; the very worst, indeed.

Ath. Well then, my dear Clinias, know that this is manifestly happening now in my own case.

Clin. What do you mean?

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About This Reading Edition

The complete Epinomis, 973a–992e: the Athenian stranger, Clinias, and Megillus examine wisdom, number, the soul, and the ordered heavens. Burnet’s Greek faces a new Diotimos Editions English translation, with an introduction, key words, outline, glossary, critical apparatus, and linked translator notes. Transmitted under Plato’s name, the dialogue’s authorship is disputed; the supplied Introduction presents the question without deciding it.

Historical Text and Translation

Greek: Epinomis, transmitted under Plato’s name, with disputed authorship, in John Burnet, Platonis Opera, volume V, part II (Oxford, 1907; a later impression printed by John Johnson, issued 1936–1945). The words were taken from the Perseus Digital Library transcription and checked against the printed pages by the supplied edition; Burnet’s lineation and critical apparatus are retained. The digital Greek transcription and its modifications are attributed to the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, under CC BY-SA 4.0. English translation and editorial matter: Diotimos Editions, 2026.

About Diotimos Editions

This historical edition credits Diotimos Editions as its English translator.

Rights

The ancient Greek work and Burnet’s printed edition are in the public domain. The Perseus digital Greek transcription and its modifications are reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. The new English translation and editorial matter are credited to Diotimos Editions, 2026; no open license is stated in the supplied edition.