The Anatomy of Melancholy

In Burton. Burton’s imagined commonwealth restricts private patronage and provides collective oversight of appointments. His satire later attacks the trade in livings, associates simony with covetousness, and describes a scholar’s fear of a prior lapse affecting an appointment. These terms connect the proposed reform with the abuses and insecurities experienced by scholars seeking a living.

The places. Advowsons are excluded from a proposed appointment scheme. (p. 60–61; DJR-015-41.) Collective patronage replaces private interests. (p. 64; DJR-016-27.) Simony appears among the offspring of covetousness. (p. 114; DJR-043-34.) Trading in church livings is condemned. (p. 138; DJR-048-28.) A previous lapse threatens the right of appointment. (p. 143; DJR-049-38.)

In this edition. “advousons” → “rights of patronage over appointments” (DJR-015-41); “impropriations” → “church revenues appropriated to lay ownership” (DJR-016-27); “Simony” → “simony” (DJR-043-34); “Church-chopping Patrons” → “patrons who trade in church livings” (DJR-048-28); “precedent Lapse” → “prior lapse of the right of appointment” (DJR-049-38). Expanded phrases explain the institutional terms while simony retains its established name.

See also. Living and preferment; Cure; Mortmain; Hospital; Legal evidence; Abdicate.

Chyle

Source forms: Chilus; Chylus

The word. Chyle is the nutritive material produced from food during digestion in the physiological account Burton follows. Chilus is the form used in the cited passage.

In Burton. Burton reports an explanation in which heat and obstruction in the mesenteric veins delay the passage of chyle to the liver or corrupt it into rumbling and wind. The term belongs to a proposed route of digestion and bodily nourishment, here interrupted to explain illness.

The places. Chyle is glossed as the white juice derived from food digested in the stomach. (p. 14; DJR-023-31.) Blocked passage of chyle is named among immediate causes. (p. 176; DJR-057-31.)

In this edition. “Chylus” → “chyle” (DJR-023-31); “Chilus” → “chyle” (DJR-057-31). The modern spelling is retained without replacing the surrounding historical physiology with a modern account.

See also. Concoction.

Clerk

Source forms: Clarkes

The word. Clerk can mean a learned person or scholar. The plural Clarkes has this sense in Burton’s account of princely hospitality.

In Burton. The surrounding examples concern philosophers and men distinguished by learning. Their arrival at court is compared to going to a Lyceum or university, and they are admitted to the ruler’s table. The context therefore identifies learned guests rather than office workers.

The places. Learned men are welcomed at princes’ courts. (p. 139; DJR-048-40.)

In this edition. “famous Clarkes” → “Famous scholars” (DJR-048-40). Scholars states the relevant social and intellectual role without implying clerical employment.

See also. Neoterics.

Clister

Source forms: clister; clisters; clysters

The word. Clister and clyster are spellings of enema, a preparation administered through the lower bowel. Burton uses both spellings within his discussion of evacuation.

In Burton. A merchant’s supposed delusion is attributed to constipation and treated with a clister. In the regimen discussion, clisters appear among measures used when natural evacuation fails. The pharmaceutical classification later places clysters among remedies administered through the lower parts and distinguishes them from suppositories.

The places. An enema is given in a reported case of constipation. (p. 78; DJR-036-07.) Enemas appear among aids to evacuation. (p. 237; DJR-071-28.) The classification distinguishes enemas from suppositories. (p. 382; DJR-102-46.)

In this edition. “Clister” → “enema” (DJR-036-07); “clisters” → “enemas” (DJR-071-28); “Clysters” → “enemas” (DJR-102-46). One modern term covers the spelling variants. The distinction from suppositories and the source’s strong or weak preparations remain intact.

See also. Purging.

Clown

Source forms: clowns