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Robert Burton

The Anatomy of Melancholy

1651 English with a close modern English rendering

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The Anatomy of MelancholyPrognosis of Despair: Atheism, Blasphemy, Violent Death, and So On.

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Prognosis of Despair: Atheism, Blasphemy, Violent Death, and So On.

1651 English

704–705

Prognostiques of Despair, Atheism, Blasphemy, violent death, &c.

Most part these kind of persons make away themselves, some are mad, blaspheme, curse, deny God, but most offer violence to their own persons, and sometimes to others. A wounded spirit who can bear? Prov. 18. 14. As Cain, Saul, Achitophel, Judas, blasphemed and died. Bede saith, Pilate died desperate eight years after Christ.

Felix Plater hath collected many Examples. A Merchants Wife that was long troubled with such temptations, in the night rose from her Bed, and out of the Window broke her neck into the Street: another drowned himself desperate as he was in the Rhine; some cut their throats, many hang themselves. But this needs no illustration.

It is controverted by some, whether a man so offering violence to himself, dying desperate, may be saved or no? If they die so obstinatly and suddenly, that they cannot so much as wish for mercy, the worst is to be suspected, because they die impenitent.

If their death had been a little more lingring, wherein they might have some leisure in their hearts to cry for mercy, charity may judge the best; divers have been recovered out of the very act of hanging and drowning themselves, and so brought ad sanam mentem, they have been very penitent, much abhorred their former fact, confessed that they have repented in an instant, and cryed for mercy in their hearts.

If a man put desperate hands upon himself, by occasion of madness or melancholy, if he have given testimony before of his regeneration, in regard he doth this not so much out of his will, as ex vi morbi, we must make the best construction of it, as Turks do, that think all fools and mad men go directly to heaven.

704–705

The Anatomy of Melancholy: Prognosis of Despair: Atheism, Blasphemy, Violent Death, and So On.

p. 1044

Prognosis of despair: atheism, blasphemy, violent death, and so on.

Most people of this kind kill themselves; some go mad, blaspheme, curse and deny God, but most do violence to themselves, and sometimes to others. Who can bear a wounded spirit? Proverbs 18:14. Thus Cain, Saul, Ahithophel and Judas blasphemed and died. Bede says that Pilate died in despair eight years after Christ.

Felix Platter has collected many examples. A merchant’s wife, long troubled by such temptations, rose from bed at night and fell from the window into the street, breaking her neck. Another, in despair, drowned himself in the Rhine; some cut their throats, many hang themselves. But this needs no further illustration.

Some dispute whether a person who thus does violence to himself and dies in despair may be saved. If they die so obstinately and suddenly that they cannot even wish for mercy, the worst must be feared, because they die unrepentant.

If their death had been a little slower, allowing them some time to cry for mercy in their hearts, charity may judge favourably. Several people have been rescued in the very act of hanging or drowning themselves and so brought back to a sound mind. They have been deeply penitent, abhorred their former act and confessed that they repented in an instant and cried for mercy in their hearts.

If someone lays desperate hands upon himself because of madness or melancholy, and has previously shown evidence of his spiritual rebirth, we must interpret it as favourably as possible, since he does this less from his own will than under the force of illness. This is what the Turks do, believing that all fools and mad people go directly to heaven.

1044

About This Reading Edition

Robert Burton’s Anatomy ranges across medicine, philosophy, poetry, religion, and everyday life in its inquiry into melancholy. This complete parallel edition pairs the 1651 English text with a close modern English rendering, preserving the three Partitions, Democritus Junior’s address to the reader, verse, and the historical index.

Historical Text and Translation

The historical text follows the sixth edition, printed at Oxford for Henry Cripps in 1651, using the McGill University Library copy. The supplied edition documents missing printed pages 98–99 supplied from another 1651 copy at the Bavarian State Library. Historical folio labels and their irregularities remain visible; web reader numbers identify reflowed passages and do not claim to reproduce PDF pagination.

About Diotimos Editions

Diotimos Editions prepared the close modern English rendering and editorial matter. All 8,755 original and modern passage pairs remain aligned, with verse breaks, italics, continuations, and linked annotations preserved. Burton’s 6,781 historical notes retain their attribution; 6,895 editorial notes remain distinct. The introduction, Note on the Text, contextual lexicon, indexes, source documentation, and bibliography are included. The engraved frontispiece remains available in the original downloads.

Rights

Burton’s historical text is in the public domain. The modern English rendering, introduction, notes, and editorial matter are © 2026 Diotimos Editions and appear with the site owner’s permission. The complete supplied PDF, EPUB, Word, and Markdown files remain available unchanged. The PDF and Word edition preserve the original parallel page layout.