Exhibition

Use in the book

The appeal for an exhibition interrupts an account of study’s pleasures. Heinsius’s reported delight in his library is followed by Burton’s attack on less cultivated gentry who cannot value books. These men squander money on costly pleasures, litigation and ostentation, yet resent expenditure on learning. If a supporter of the Muses asks for an exhibition to maintain or enlarge a college, lectureship, library or similar work, some would rather destroy existing foundations or divert them to other uses. The complaint concerns continuing educational provision and its revenues, not merely one scholar’s promotion.

The continuation is essential to the judgment. Burton condemns those devoted to wealth, then expressly turns to the scholars’ debt to generous patrons. Ptolemies and Maecenases become exemplary names; Bodley, Nicholson and Williams receive individual praise for libraries. Williams’s Lincoln project is still in progress in Burton’s account, and its chronology remains unverified. The attack does not deny the existence of munificent support. After the digression, Burton returns to study as a proposed remedy for solitude and worldly care, expressly excluding illness caused by excessive study; the later exercise discussion also requires moderation and equal care of mind and body.

A lectureship’s maintenance is related to, but different from, the precarious maintenance of a lecturer. In the scholars’ misery, a qualified graduate may become a schoolteacher, lecturer or curate, earning a small stipend and food while pleasing a patron or parish. Approval may end after a year or two. Later the dependent lecturers are religious teachers whose patrons, Burton alleges, dictate their words. These passages concern livelihood and control of teaching rather than the public display suggested by modern exhibition.

The spoken lesson remains a separate use. Burton invokes Clayton’s learned lecture to support the mutual assistance of medicine and theology, and another lecture, attributed to Lapworth, for a historical medical claim. Religious lectures are addresses attended by devout hearers; in the despair argument, alarming teaching can be misunderstood by those with the least cause for fear. Burton calls the criticized books otherwise good and asks for discretion. In Abelard’s retrospective account, lecture becomes the subject taught: he lectures more on love, and kisses displace learned statements. The institutional post, the address, its subject and the person delivering it are connected without being interchangeable.

The wider family also marks other kinds of provision. Roman entertainments are publicly exhibited, or presented, at civic and imperial expense; a marginal tract is exhibited to Parliament, meaning submitted. In the Latin medical margin, Guainerius’s exhibition of Armenian stone is its administration. His claim of success belongs to his reported testimony; the surrounding discussion includes conditions of preparation and contrary judgments about associated remedies. None of these examples makes the financial exhibition a public show or turns historical medicine into present advice.

Related entries

Art and artificial: The disciplines and acquired skills supported by learning.

Study and reading: Study as pleasure, labour and proposed remedy.

Humane learning: Educational fields and the rewards of scholarship.

Church patronage: Paid teaching, appointment and dependence on patrons.

Charity: The obligations and motives of material support.

Physick: The historical medical setting of administering remedies.

Despair: The danger of alarming religious instruction.

Places to read

1. Democritus Junior to the Reader · paragraphs 19–21Clayton’s spoken lecture within Burton’s justification of a clergyman’s medical subject; body and soul require both professions in his account.
2. Democritus Junior to the Reader · paragraphs 9–11; note 1107a tract submitted to Parliament supports Burton’s proposed restrictions on lending; its author remains unnamed.
3. Subsection 15 Love of Learning or Excessive Study With a Digression on the Misery of Scholars and Why the Muses Are Melancholy · paragraphs 11–14the qualified scholar’s poor employment prospects, lecturer or curate, conditional stipend and the schoolmaster’s prolonged poverty.
4. Subsection 15 Love of Learning or Excessive Study With a Digression on the Misery of Scholars and Why the Muses Are Melancholy · paragraphs 31–33dependent religious lecturers, the Chrysostom quotation and Burton’s expanded accusation of patronal control.
5. Member 4 Exercise of Body and Mind Regulated · paragraphs 31–33publicly presented games and performances within the historical account of civic recreation.
6. Member 4 Exercise of Body and Mind Regulated · paragraphs 16–26study’s delight, refusal of an exhibition, threatened diversion of foundations, grateful praise of benefactors and return to study as a remedy, expressly excluding illness caused by excessive study.
7. Member 4 Exercise of Body and Mind Regulated · paragraphs 21–22the exercise argument’s closing qualification requires moderation and care for both body and mind.
8. Subsection 2 Single Substances That Purge Melancholy Downwards · paragraphs 15–18; note 7688exhibitione as administration, Guainerius’s testimony and the subsequent medicinal disagreements.
9. Subsection 4 Remedies That Divert the Humours · paragraphs 3–5the natural-philosophy Reader’s lecture as a reported source for a historical medical claim.
10. Persistence and Opportunity of Time and Place; Meetings, Conversation, Singing, Dancing, Music, Amorous Tales and Sights, Kissing, Familiarity, Tokens, Gifts, Bribes, Promises, Declarations, Tears, and So On · paragraphs 31–33Abelard’s instruction in love as an example of opportunity, with the wolf-and-lamb image retained.
11. Causes of Despair: The Devil, Melancholy, Meditation, Distrust, Weakness of Faith, Harsh Ministers, Misunderstanding Scripture, Guilty Consciences, and So On · paragraphs 40–42religious lectures, sensitive hearers and the qualification that the criticized books are otherwise good.

In this edition

“an exhibition” → “financial support” and “College, Lecture, Library” → “college, lectureship, library” preserve two different things: money requested and the educational provisions it would sustain. Financial support removes the modern association with a display. Lectureship identifies the continuing provision among the institutions named without making every lecture an endowed office.

The spoken lecture can remain lecture; in the religious passage, “frequent lectures” becomes “frequent religious lectures,” with religious supplied from the setting. In the Abelard passage, the whole construction “he read more of love then any other Lecture” becomes “he lectured more on love than on any other subject”: read contributes teaching, while Lecture is rendered subject. In the medical margin, in ejus exhibitione becomes “when administering it”; the noun names administration and ejus identifies the remedy. This note-level rendering belongs to Guainerius’s quoted testimony, separately from Burton’s English account.

Exhibit; present

Printed “exhibited” (English; family).

Presented or put on for an audience.

Here: Public entertainments are staged at imperial and civic expense.

Context: Burton’s historical catalogue of recreations; the reported numbers and precise sources remain uncollated.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: publikely exhibited at the Emperours and Cities Charge

Modern rendering: publicly presented at the emperor’s and the city’s expense

Alignment scope: Equal-scope phrase or construction in the supplied parallel text.

Word and construction: Exhibited contributes presented; publikely publicly; at the Emperours and Cities Charge identifies the payers and their expense.

Further local use

Printed “exhibited” (English; family).

Citation key: Exhibit; submit.

Formally presented or submitted.

Here: A tract on interest is said to have been submitted to Parliament in 1621.

Context: Burton’s marginal report; the author is not named and the economic claims remain attributed.

Source: original marginal quotation

Source and modern wording: exhibited to the Parliament

Alignment scope: Equal-scope phrase or construction in the supplied parallel text.

Word and construction: The supplied note retains the original English phrase; exhibited means submitted here. There is no separate main-column translation of this marginal wording.

Modern container: note

Sense relation: A further locally explained application of the same provision or teaching family.

Exhibitio; administering a remedy

Printed “exhibitione” (Latin; family).

Administration or giving of a medicine.

Here: Guainerius claims he was never disappointed when administering Armenian stone.

Context: First-person testimony belongs to Guainerius as quoted by Burton, not to Burton’s own clinical experience. The surrounding mineral-drug discussion includes preparation conditions and later objections to related remedies.

Source: original marginal quotation

Source wording and original alignment: in ejus exhibitione

Modern rendering: when administering it

Alignment scope: Equal-scope phrase or construction in the supplied parallel text.

Word and construction: In takes ablative exhibitione, in its administration; ejus supplies its, referring to the remedy. English recasts the noun as administering and the possessive as object it, with when expressing the circumstance.

Modern container: note

Qualification: The historical claim is not medical advice; exact modern composition of the mineral drug is not established.

Exhibition

Printed “exhibition” (English; lemma).

Financial maintenance, support or a stipend.

Here: A proposed request seeks money to maintain or enlarge a foundation for learning rather than to present a public display.

Context: Burton’s hypothetical appeal to some of the uncultivated gentry; the sequel praises generous benefactors.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: an exhibition

Modern rendering: financial support

Alignment scope: Equal-scope phrase or construction in the supplied parallel text.

Word and construction: Exhibition names support; the English mass-noun rendering needs no article corresponding to an.

Lecture; endowed teaching

Printed “Lecture” (English; family).

A continuing teaching provision or endowed teaching post.

Here: A lectureship stands beside a college and library among works for which support is sought.

Context: Burton’s hypothetical appeal for maintenance or enlargement of institutions advancing learning.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: College, Lecture, Library

Modern rendering: college, lectureship, library

Alignment scope: Equal-scope phrase or construction in the supplied parallel text.

Word and construction: Lecture contributes lectureship; College and Library remain separate supported institutions.

Lecture; learned address

Printed “lecture” (English; family).

A spoken exposition or instructional address.

Here: The Regius Professor’s lecture supplies authority for the mutual help of medicine and theology.

Context: Burton’s report of a lecture by Thomas Clayton at the 1621 academic exercises, as identified in the margin; its precise wording is uncollated.

Source: original body

Source and modern wording: a learned lecture

Alignment scope: Equal-scope phrase or construction in the supplied parallel text.

Word and construction: Lecture retains its ordinary spoken-teaching sense; learned describes its scholarly character.

Further local use

Printed “Lecture” (English; family).

Citation key: Lecture; learned address.

A spoken scholarly exposition.

Here: Burton reports learning a historical medical claim from the Reader in natural philosophy.

Context: Burton’s recollection of a lecture attributed in the margin to Master D. Lapworth; the reported therapy is not present medical advice.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: a learned Lecture

Modern rendering: a scholarly lecture

Alignment scope: Equal-scope phrase or construction in the supplied parallel text.

Word and construction: Lecture remains lecture; learned becomes scholarly.

Sense relation: A further locally explained application of the same provision or teaching family.

Further local use

Printed “lectures” (English; family).

Citation key: Lecture; religious address.

Religious instructional addresses.

Here: Sensitive consciences attending religious addresses may misunderstand alarming preaching and fall into distress.

Context: Burton’s explanation of despair; he says these hearers may have least cause for alarm and calls the criticized religious books otherwise good.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: frequent lectures

Modern rendering: frequent religious lectures

Alignment scope: Equal-scope phrase or construction in the supplied parallel text.

Word and construction: Lectures names addresses; religious is an explanatory specification supplied from the sermons and devout hearers in context.

Translator-supplied words: religious, specifying the contextual kind of lectures

Sense relation: A further locally explained application of the same provision or teaching family.

Lecture; subject of instruction

Printed “Lecture” (English; family).

A lesson or subject taught, used here in a play on love as instruction.

Here: Abelard’s teaching of Heloise becomes a lesson in love, with more kisses than learned statements.

Context: Burton’s condensation of Abelard’s retrospective account, illustrating opportunity; the wolf-and-lamb image makes the teacher’s conduct visible.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: he read more of love then any other Lecture

Modern rendering: he lectured more on love than on any other subject

Alignment scope: Equal-scope phrase or construction in the supplied parallel text.

Word and construction: Read means delivered instruction; Lecture is recast as subject, while lectured carries the action. The comparison is not a count of endowed posts.

Lecturer

Printed “Lecturer” (English; lemma).

A person paid to deliver instruction, here potentially a preacher.

Here: Becoming a lecturer or curate is one poorly rewarded and insecure avenue open to the qualified scholar.

Context: Burton’s satire of scholarly employment, imagining small wages and continued dependence on patron or parish approval.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: turn Lecturer or Curat

Modern rendering: becoming a lecturer or curate

Alignment scope: Equal-scope phrase or construction in the supplied parallel text.

Word and construction: Turn becomes becoming; Lecturer and Curat name distinct posts. The modern articles are supplied.

Further local use

Printed “Lecturers” (English; lemma).

Citation key: Lecturer.

Religious teachers or preachers.

Here: Patrons maintain dependent preachers and dictate what they must say.

Context: Burton’s expanded English gloss of the preceding Chrysostom quotation; a hostile account of domination, not a neutral account of every lecturer.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: these Lecturers

Modern rendering: these lecturers

Alignment scope: Equal-scope phrase or construction in the supplied parallel text.

Word and construction: The noun is retained; the context identifies religious teaching rather than a modern university job category.

Sense relation: A further locally explained application of the same provision or teaching family.