Apologize

Use in the book

The medical controversy makes the defensive sense explicit. Rhenanus undertakes to defend Anthony and dismisses his opponents. Burton then assigns the chemical physicians and their allies to one side and Crato, Erastus and the Galenists to the other. Boasts of successful treatment meet accusations of heresy and demonic assistance; these belong to the rival parties, not to an established account of efficacy or guilt. Burton finally leaves the case unresolved and proceeds. Apologize names advocacy, not regret for Anthony’s conduct.

The same verb can mark a defence declined or disputed. Burton will not pause to defend judicial astrology, though he refers the objector to its advocates. Elsewhere he reports people defending Epicurus and rejects their case; his assertion that Epicurus denies all divinity overstates the doctrine, as the supplied note explains. A defence can be reported without being accepted, just as the refusal to conduct one at a particular point need not mean rejection of every associated claim.

Burton also makes himself the beneficiary. Circumstances speak in his defence as he claims festive licence to write freely, but his declaration of independence soon turns into recantation and a request for pardon. Earlier, his plea for indulgence introduces explanations of publishing in English, unrevised style and matter he would now retract. These admissions should not be erased by the later, more combative uses of the verb. Deprecari also occurs in the concluding appeal against suspicion, while deprecatus in Rhazes’s reported case means begged for a cure: neither construction is confined to asking pardon. The latter original margin describes God and angels, unlike the body’s heaven, hell and fiery spirits.

In the love preface, Ausonius’s defence of Apuleius helps distinguish a writer’s life from his writing. Burton adopts Catullus’s similar argument, calls it his own Apologie, and then says he presumes no such defences are necessary because his discourse aims to benefit as well as please. A later defence says that criticism directed more often at women also applies, for the most part, to men; the reversible picture illustrates that instruction. Yet he denies defending the women he disparagingly calls headstrong and unruly when discussing marriage against parental wishes. The surrounding argument expressly retains parental choice and limits his plea to daughters neglected by harsh parents. These are Burton’s historical positions and rhetorical qualifications.

Written defences also appear among the textual critics’ angry replies; Burton acknowledges that he too is exposed to their lash. Campanella’s Apologie is a defence of Galileo, named beside a distinct work on the sense of things; the associated cosmological and dedication claims remain uncollated. Julian’s Apologetical Oration is an ironic defence of his beard, not a confession of regret. Apuleius’s abbreviated Apolog. likewise cites a defence against an accusation of love magic, preserving accusation rather than guilt. Plato’s Apologia supplies another title of defence, but Burton’s summary that Socrates found everyone foolish is more sweeping than the argument described in the supplied note.

Religious polemic provides further defence settings. Burton dismisses the ordinary Apologies offered against his anti-monastic allegations, without independently establishing those allegations. The apologies of disputing religious orders appear among writings that make him laugh, but bloodshed makes him grieve. Gualter’s just Apology is a full defence of a position in the reported salvation controversy: the surrounding conditions and dissent remain, and the supplied note expressly distinguishes salvation through divine grace from a claim that each religion saves through itself. Burton later resumes his own confessional position. None of these defences is automatically his endorsement.

The fable uses perform different work. Calcagnini’s changing actors expose unstable social roles; Menenius’s belly and members support a defence of unequal but interdependent society. The unnamed mouse fable asks the lover to imagine alternatives to a confined experience, while Calcagnini’s speaking ring offers a fictional and hostile warning about the beloved. The Apologist’s commonwealth with a cough belongs to satirical resignation before the imagined polity. Fables may wound when aimed at individuals, but Burton expressly exempts writers who attack vice in general. The original Apologis citation also identifies Calcagnini’s bawdy Lais story as an apologue. These are stories and literary methods, not necessarily apologies in the defensive sense.

Related entries

Parrhesia: The claimed liberty to speak freely

Censure: Judgement, criticism and their limits

Paracelsian: The chemical physicians and their opponents

Study and reading: Literary authority and reading

Heroical love: The defence of writing about love

Poverty and riches: The political use of the belly-and-members fable

Places to read

1. Democritus Junior to the Reader · paragraphs 20–23apologize and deprecari as a plea for indulgence, followed by admitted faults and a wish to retract
2. Democritus Junior to the Reader · paragraphs 2–6Apologia in the original Plato margin and the qualification of Burton’s sweeping Socratic summary
3. Democritus Junior to the Reader · paragraphs 2–4Apologs as Calcagnini’s fables and the changing-role allegory
4. Democritus Junior to the Reader · paragraphs 33–35Apologist as a writer of fables amid satirical despair over reform
5. Democritus Junior to the Reader · paragraphs 10–13apologies as written defences by the attacked textual critics
6. Democritus Junior to the Reader · paragraphs 28–34circumstances as advocates, claimed licence, then recantation and pardon
7. Democritus Junior to the Reader · paragraphs 36–38deprecari as pleading against suspicion in the concluding appeal for forgiveness
8. Subsection 4. The Stars as a Cause. Signs From Physiognomy, Metoposcopy and Chiromancy · paragraphs 1–3the expressly declined defence of judicial astrology and referral to advocates
9. Subsection 3 Terrors and Frights as Causes of Melancholy · paragraph 24; Subsection 4 How Mockery, Slander and Bitter Jokes Cause Melancholy · paragraphs 25–27; Subsection 4 How Mockery, Slander and Bitter Jokes Cause Melancholy · paragraphs 49–51Apologe as fable, probable fable-writing Apologists, and the exemption of general satire from the attack on personal abuse
10. Subsection 4 Symptoms of Melancholy in Unmarried Women, Nuns and Widows · paragraphs 13–16; Member 3 Immediate Cause of the Preceding Symptoms · paragraph 17Apologies as the defences Burton dismisses in his unverified anti-monastic polemic
11. Member 3. Air Corrected. With a Digression on Air · paragraphs 25–28Campanella’s Apologie for Galileus as a distinct work of defence
12. Member 3 Against Poverty and Want and Other Such Adversities · paragraphs 10–12Menenius’s Apologue in the argument for social interdependence and hierarchy
13. Subsection 3 Preparatives and Purgatives · paragraphs 47–56Rhenanus defending Anthony, the opposing medical parties and Burton’s unresolved withdrawal
14. Section 1. Member 1. Subsection 1 The Preface · paragraphs 1–12apologizeth, Apologie and Apologies in the defence of writing about love, followed by the claim that no defence is needed
15. Member 2. Subsection 2. Other Causes of Love Melancholy: Sight; Beauty of the Face, Eyes and Other Parts; and How It Pierces Us · paragraphs 39–43; Member 2. Subsection 2. Other Causes of Love Melancholy: Sight; Beauty of the Face, Eyes and Other Parts; and How It Pierces Us · paragraph 41Apologis naming the fables behind the Lais anecdote
16. Subsection 5 Procurers and Love Potions as Causes · paragraphs 9–13; Subsection 5 Procurers and Love Potions as Causes · paragraph 11Apolog. as Apuleius’s defence, amid allegations and disputed supernatural agency
17. Member 4 Subsection 1 Symptoms or Signs of Love Melancholy in Body and Mind Good and Bad Signs and So Forth · paragraphs 19–23Julian’s Apologetical Oration as ironic self-defence
18. Resist the Beginnings, Avoid Occasions, Change One’s Location; Fair and Foul Means, Contrary Passions and Ingenious Devices; Introduce Another Love and Disparage the Former · paragraphs 10–12Apologer as the unidentified writer of the mouse fable
19. By Counsel and Persuasion, the Foulness of the Deed, the Faults of Men and Women, the Miseries of Marriage, the Consequences of Lust, and So Forth · paragraphs 63–64, 1Apologies as Calcagnini’s fables, with the hostile speaking-ring story
20. By Counsel and Persuasion, the Foulness of the Deed, the Faults of Men and Women, the Miseries of Marriage, the Consequences of Lust, and So Forth · paragraphs 10–14Burton’s defence and the qualified extension of criticism from women to men
21. Subsection 5 The Last and Best Cure for Love Melancholy Is to Let Lovers Have Their Desire · paragraphs 6–12the negative defence clause and its limits concerning parental choice and neglected daughters
22. General Symptoms: Love of Their Own Sect; Hatred of All Other Religions; Obstinacy and Ill Temper; Readiness to Undergo Any Danger or Adversity for It; Martyrs; Blind Zeal and Blind Obedience; Fasts and Vows; Belief in Incredible and Impossible Things. Particular Symptoms Among Pagans, Muslims, Jews and Christians; and Among Christians, Heretics Old and New, Schismatics, Scholastic Theologians, Prophets, Enthusiasts and So On · paragraphs 29–33; General Symptoms: Love of Their Own Sect; Hatred of All Other Religions; Obstinacy and Ill Temper; Readiness to Undergo Any Danger or Adversity for It; Martyrs; Blind Zeal and Blind Obedience; Fasts and Vows; Belief in Incredible and Impossible Things. Particular Symptoms Among Pagans, Muslims, Jews and Christians; and Among Christians, Heretics Old and New, Schismatics, Scholastic Theologians, Prophets, Enthusiasts and So On · paragraph 31written defences, polemical laughter and grief over bloodshed
23. Subsection 5 The Cure of Religious Melancholy · paragraphs 25–27; Subsection 5 The Cure of Religious Melancholy · paragraph 26deprecatus as a request for a cure in Rhazes’s reported case
24. Member 2 Subsection 1 Religious Melancholy From Deficiency: Those Affected—Epicures, Atheists, Hypocrites, the Worldly and Complacent, Carnalists, All Impious People, Impenitent Sinners, and Others · paragraphs 38–44the reported defence of Epicurus, Burton’s rejection and the note’s doctrinal qualification
25. Treatment of Despair Through Medicine, Good Counsel, Consolation, and So On · paragraphs 10–21; Treatment of Despair Through Medicine, Good Counsel, Consolation, and So On · paragraph 12Gualter’s full defence within the reported salvation controversy, followed by Burton’s confessional return
26. A Page · paragraph 29Apology of love melancholy, with 406 as the destination printed in the index, not a new source-page label

In this edition

“Apologize for Anthony” becomes “defend Anthony.” “Apologizeth for him” becomes “says in his defence,” referring to Apuleius; “to Apologize once for all,” “To make my defence once and for all,” with my supplied from Burton’s first-person context. The negative governing the astrology clause and the prohibition against supposing he defends the disparaged women remain consequential.

“Apologie” becomes “defence” in Burton’s own literary plea, but “Apologies” becomes “Fables” in Calcagnini’s title. “Apologe” and “Apologue” likewise give “fable”; “Apologer,” “writer of fables.” The plural “Apologists” is rendered “writers of fables,” with the supplied note’s probability retained. By contrast, the original margin’s “Apologia” is identified by the conventional title “Apology,” and the opening “apologize” remains “apologize” beside “deprecari,” “beg indulgence.” The rendering of Julian’s whole oration phrase as a speech in his own defence jointly interprets the adjective and the following purpose clause.

The religious uses render Apologies or apologies as defences; in “just Apology,” just gives “full.” The marginal “Apologis” becomes “Apologues,” and “Apolog.” becomes “Apology.” The Table’s “Apology of love melancholy 406” becomes “A defence of the treatment of love melancholy. 406,” supplying treatment as the understood topic. Deprecari contributes “plead against” in the suspicion clause, and deprecatus est “begged” in the request to Rhazes; the requested cure comes from its following clause.

apologetical

Printed “Apologetical” (English; lemma).

Defensive or intended to justify oneself.

Here: Julian’s oration ironically defends his beard against ridicule at Antioch.

Context: Burton says Julian does not greatly care about the kissing inconvenience, then returns to the young lover’s concern for grooming; the word does not imply remorse.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: that Apologetical Oration he made at Antioch to excuse himself

Modern rendering: the speech he made at Antioch in his own defence

Word and construction: The whole phrase aligns: oration is speech and apologetical/to excuse himself are jointly unfolded by in his own defence; the adjective alone does not supply every word.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

apologist

Printed “Apologist” (English; lemma).

Here a writer of apologues or moral fables.

Here: Andreae’s fable supplies the commonwealth’s cough and foul smell in the satirical rejection of impossible reform.

Context: The original margin identifies Andreae’s apologues; its exact printed locator remains unresolved.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: the Apologist

Modern rendering: the writer of fables

Word and construction: The modern text unfolds the agent noun in its local literary sense.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “Apologer” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apologer.

Here: The unidentified writer tells of a mouse discovering better food outside its chest.

Context: Burton asks the reader to apply the fable’s moral in his historical love-cure argument; the author remains unnamed and untraced.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: an Apologer

Modern rendering: a writer of fables

Word and construction: The older agent noun is unfolded, retaining the indefinite author.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “Apologists” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apologist.

Here: Grouped with satirists, epigrammatists and comic writers exempted when they attack vice generally.

Context: The supplied modern text chooses writers of fables, probably continuing Apologe earlier; the qualification remains, and personal abuse is excluded from the exemption.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: Comœdians, Apologists

Modern rendering: comic dramatists, writers of fables

Word and construction: Apologists receives the probable fable-writer meaning in the supplied rendering; the parallel list does not remove the lexical uncertainty.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

apologize · Apologize

Printed “Apologize” (English; lemma).

To defend or justify a person, position or cause.

Here: Rhenanus undertakes a defence of Anthony in the chemical-medicine controversy.

Context: Rhenanus advocates; Burton describes the opposing parties and finally leaves the dispute unresolved.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: Apologize for Anthony

Modern rendering: defend Anthony

Word and construction: Apologize for is rendered by transitive defend, preserving Anthony as beneficiary and object of the advocacy.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “apologize” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apologize.

Here: Time, place and other circumstances are personified as speaking for Burton’s freedom to write.

Context: The boast of independence is followed by an abrupt recantation, confession and request for pardon; neither pose is the whole authorial stance.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: all circumstances apologize for me

Modern rendering: every circumstance speak in my defence

Word and construction: The noun phrase changes number but retains the whole class of circumstances as advocate; me becomes my in the nominal defence construction.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “apologize” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apologize.

Here: Judicial astrology is the object of a defence Burton declines to undertake here.

Context: The governing I will not and his referral to defenders matter: he neither performs the defence in this clause nor withdraws every astrological claim.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: or to apologize for judicial Astrology

Modern rendering: or to defend judicial astrology

Word and construction: Matched infinitival alternative; the negative governing it occurs earlier in both complete sentences.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “apologizeth” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apologize.

Here: Ausonius is said to defend Apuleius by distinguishing a writer’s conduct from his literary material.

Context: Burton adopts the distinction as part of his own defence of discussing love; the exact intermediary edition remains uncollated.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: as Ausonius apologizeth for him

Modern rendering: as Ausonius says in his defence

Word and construction: The older third-person form is recast as says in his defence; him/his refers to Apuleius, not Ausonius.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “Apologize” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apologize.

Here: Burton claims that the criticism applies to men no less than women, despite naming women more often.

Context: His asserted defence and the reversible-picture example qualify the preceding misogynistic catalogue; the extension is for the most part, not every statement without exception.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: to Apologize once for all

Modern rendering: To make my defence once and for all

Word and construction: Modern my supplies the first-person speaker already explicit in the wider sentence.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “Apologize” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apologize.

Here: Burton denies defending the women he disparagingly calls headstrong and unruly.

Context: The preceding historical legal possibility does not become unrestricted approval: he retains parental choice and says his argument is for modest daughters neglected by harsh parents.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: think that I do Apologize here for any headstrong unruly wanton flurts

Modern rendering: suppose that I am defending headstrong, unruly, shameless hussies

Word and construction: Matched governed proposition within the prohibition Mistake me not. Apologize supplies defending; both descriptions are Burton’s disparaging vocabulary, not editorial classifications.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “apologize” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apologize.

Here: Unnamed people defend Epicurus against the charge of atheism.

Context: Burton reports and rejects their defence; his total-denial accusation overstates Epicurean doctrine, as the supplied note explains.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: there be those that apologize for Epicurus

Modern rendering: some defend Epicurus

Word and construction: The indefinite defenders and beneficiary remain. The following rejection is Burton’s, not the lexicon’s verdict.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

apologize

Printed “apologize” (English; lemma).

To offer an explanation or excuse and ask indulgence for a fault.

Here: Burton acknowledges shortcomings in his manner of treatment and explains publishing in English rather than shorter Latin.

Context: The continuation admits unrevised style, disapproved matter and a desire to retract; this is more than adversarial defence, though still authorial self-presentation.

Source: original body

Source and modern wording: I must apologize

Word and construction: The verb is retained; adjacent deprecari is translated beg indulgence, and the following request for pardon clarifies the local force.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

apologue

Printed “Apologs” (English; lemma).

An instructive or moral fable; Apologs is a plural form.

Here: Calcagnini’s fables supply the changing-costume allegory of the world’s roles.

Context: This names fictional stories, not defences or expressions of regret. The original Latin margin and Burton’s English body vary the order and pairing of occupations.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: his Apologs

Modern rendering: his fables

Word and construction: Matched possessive noun phrase; the possessor is Calcagnini.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “Apologe” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apologue.

Here: Listed among forms of verbal or literary attack capable of wounding.

Context: Burton later exempts general satire against vice while condemning targeted personal abuse.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: Satyre, Apologe, Epigram

Modern rendering: satire, fable, epigram

Word and construction: The three literary forms align; Apologe gives fable.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “Apologue” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apologue.

Here: Menenius Agrippa’s belly-and-members fable is used to defend social interdependence and inequality.

Context: Burton combines it with Poverty’s speech in Aristophanes; the printed Livy book 1 reference is corrected to 2.32 only in the note.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: his elegant Apologue of the belly and the rest of the members

Modern rendering: his elegant fable of the belly and the other parts of the body

Word and construction: Apologue gives fable; members is unfolded as parts of the body.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “Apologies” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apologue.

Here: Calcagnini’s speaking ring answers a lover’s wish to become the beloved’s ring.

Context: This is a fictional speaker’s hostile warning, not evidence about women; the subsequent authorial defence extends criticism to men for the most part.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: Calcagninus Apologies

Modern rendering: Calcagnini’s Fables

Word and construction: The named collection and speaking-ring context establish the fable sense; the possessive is implicit in the original name construction.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “Apologis” (Latin; lemma).

Citation key: apologus.

Here: Calcagnini’s Apologues are cited for the bawdy dispute referred to Lais.

Context: The anecdote is a fable, with its sexual answer made explicit in the separate margin; its exact location remains uncollated.

Source: original marginal quotation

Source wording and original alignment: Calcagninus Apologis

Modern rendering: Calcagnini, Apologues

Word and construction: The author’s name is modernized and the Latin title form becomes the conventional English plural Apologues.

Modern container: note

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

apology

Printed “Apologie” (English; lemma).

A defence or justification, spoken or written.

Here: Burton uses the defence that the character of a writer’s work need not determine the character of his life.

Context: He adopts Catullus’s distinction, then claims no such defence is needed because his purpose is corrective rather than obscene.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: make the same Apologie in mine own behalf

Modern rendering: make the same defence on my own behalf

Word and construction: Apologie contributes defence; the self-directed beneficiary remains.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “apologies” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apology.

Here: The textual critics answer contradiction with sheets of defence and bitter attacks.

Context: Burton’s satire then admits his own exposure to their criticism; he is not describing expressions of remorse.

Source: original body

Source and modern wording: what apologies

Word and construction: The word is retained in the supplied modern text and defined by the surrounding defence/invective contrast.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “Apologie for Galileus” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apology.

Here: Burton reports Campanella’s Defence of Galileo alongside a distinct work, On the Sense of Things.

Context: The account of inhabited/infinite worlds and the dedication remains uncollated; the two works are not merged.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: an Apologie for Galileus

Modern rendering: a Defence of Galileo

Word and construction: Equal noun-title phrase; the personal name is modernized.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “Apologies” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apology.

Here: Burton says he presumes he needs no such defences for this discourse on love.

Context: The explicit negative follows his having just supplied a defence; that rhetorical turn is preserved.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: I presume I need no such Apologies

Modern rendering: I presume I need no such defences

Word and construction: Complete qualified negative; Apologies contributes defences.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “Apologia” (Latin; lemma).

Citation key: apologia.

Here: The original margin cites Plato’s Apologia Socratis, identified in the supplied note as the Apology.

Context: Burton’s body draws a sweeping all-men-fools conclusion; the note distinguishes Plato’s recognition of craftsmen’s real expertise.

Source: original marginal quotation

Source wording and original alignment: Apologia

Modern rendering: Apology

Word and construction: The conventional English title word corresponds to the Latin title noun; this does not translate or reproduce the whole Platonic argument.

Modern container: note

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “Apologies” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apology.

Here: Defences offered against the accusations in Burton’s anti-monastic polemic.

Context: Burton claims to know these defences and excuses but postpones the dispute. The allegations of abuse and institutional motives are not independently verified.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: their ordinarie Apologies and excuses

Modern rendering: their usual defences and excuses

Word and construction: Apologies contributes defences; excuses remains a separate neighboring noun.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “apologies” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apology.

Here: Defences among the writings produced in disputes between religious orders.

Context: Burton’s laughter at polemical wrangling gives way to grief over actual bloodshed in the same sentence; his religious labels remain polemical.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: their Satyrs, invectives, apologies, dull and gross fictions

Modern rendering: their satires, invectives, defences and dull, crude fictions

Word and construction: Apologies contributes defences within the matching list of literary forms.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “just Apology” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apology.

Here: Gualter supports Zwingli’s position through a full defence with many arguments.

Context: Burton reports a controversy over salvation, including conditions and dissenting views. The supplied note distinguishes salvation through divine grace from each religion saving through itself; Burton later resumes his own confessional position.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: a just Apology with many Arguments

Modern rendering: a full defence with many arguments

Word and construction: Apology contributes defence, just full; the phrase does not declare the defence morally right or accepted by Burton.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “Apolog.” (Latin; lemma).

Citation key: apologia.

Here: Apuleius’s Apology is cited for the charge of love magic surrounding his marriage.

Context: The prosecution accused Apuleius of bewitching Pudentilla; the reference is not proof of guilt. Burton’s personal names and the body’s potion versus margin’s incantation wording remain distinct.

Source: original marginal quotation

Source wording and original alignment: Apolog.

Modern rendering: Apology

Word and construction: The supplied note expands the title abbreviation; no missing letters are treated as original printed text.

Modern container: note

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

Further local use

Printed “Apology” (English; lemma).

Citation key: apology.

Here: The original Table labels the defence of discussing love melancholy.

Context: A navigation label rather than a new argumentative assertion; 406 is its target page, not the page on which the Table entry is printed.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: Apology of love melancholy 406

Modern rendering: A defence of the treatment of love melancholy. 406

Word and construction: Apology contributes defence; of the treatment supplies the implied subject of the defence, and 406 is retained as the destination number.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

deprecor · deprecari · local use 1

Printed “deprecari” (Latin; lemma).

Latin deprecor means entreat or plead; deprecari is its infinitive, here begging indulgence or pardon.

Here: Inserted beside apologize to explain the appeal to the friendly reader.

Context: Burton himself asks indulgence, before explaining his publication choices and faults.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: deprecari

Modern rendering: beg indulgence

Word and construction: The Latin infinitive is supplied as an English infinitive without to in the inserted gloss.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

deprecor · deprecari · local use 2

Printed “deprecari” (Latin; lemma).

To plead against or seek to avert something.

Here: Plead against even the slightest suspicion.

Context: Burton adopts Scaliger’s reported appeal: if the reader knew him, he would consider such pleading unworthy of a humane and gentle spirit. The wider request for forgiveness includes an unstable Medea comparison.

Source: original body

Source wording and original alignment: vel minimam suspitionem deprecari oportere

Modern rendering: should have to plead against the slightest suspicion

Word and construction: Deprecari contributes plead against, suspitionem suspicion, minimam slightest, and oportere should have to; vel adds even, not separately expressed in the modern phrase.

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.

deprecor · deprecatus

Printed “deprecatus” (Latin; lemma).

To beg or earnestly request something.

Here: The patient begged Rhazes to cure him.

Context: Rhazes is the reported first-person physician; the patient requests help. The historical cure claim uses medicine and persuasion; the margin names God and angels where the body names heaven, hell and fiery spirits.

Source: original marginal quotation

Source wording and original alignment: deprecatus est ut ego illum curarem

Modern rendering: begged me to cure him

Word and construction: Deprecatus est supplies begged; the ut-clause gives the requested cure, with ego as the physician and illum the patient. This is not a request for pardon.

Modern container: note

Alignment conventions: Alignment convention.