How to read this edition

Greek and English

The two languages are paired by passage identifier. Greek is on the left and English on the right where the format permits. On narrow screens the pair may stack, with Greek first. PDF page references preserve the locations used in the companion lexicon.

Passage numbers

I.3.1 means Book I, chapter 3, excerpt 1. Arith.3 identifies excerpt 3 of On Arithmetic. Letters follow subdivisions in the source; further suffixes divide long excerpts for comparison. The combined I.3.26–27 follows Wachsmuth. Testimony.1 labels Photius’s report; I.2.reconstruction labels proposed material for the lost chapter.

Source pages

Source references identify the original printed pages in Wachsmuth. In the supplied scan, printed page 3 is PDF page 43, page 15 is PDF page 55, and page 23 is PDF page 63. References labeled PDF edition instead identify pages in this bilingual edition.

Editorial signs

Angle brackets <like these> mark supplements in the base edition. Square brackets usually retain rejected wording; English-only notices of gaps or unresolved words are labeled and explained in notes. A dagger (†) flags corruption. Ellipses normally follow source gaps; notes identify any used only to show broken sense in English.

Notes and uncertainties

Footnote numbers run continuously through the edition. Where the source is damaged or unusually compressed, a note distinguishes the printed reading from the interpretation used in English. The notes are part of the translation, not a replacement for the facing Greek.