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Plato

Minos

Ancient Greek with an independent English translation.

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MinosMinos · 315e–316c

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Minos · 315e–316c

Ancient Greek

p. 10

πυνθανόμενός τι παρ’ ἐμοῦ κοινῇ μετ’ ἐμοῦ σκόπει· εἰ δ’ αὖ βούλει, ἀποκρινόμενος.

ΕΤ. Ἀλλ’ ἐθέλω, ὦ Σώκρατες, ἀποκρίνεσθαι ὅτι ἂν βούλῃ.

ΣΩ. Φέρε δὴ σύ, πότερα νομίζεις τὰ δίκαια ἄδικα εἶναι καὶ τὰ ἄδικα δίκαια, ἢ τὰ μὲν δίκαια δίκαια, τὰ δὲ ἄδικα ἄδικα;—ΕΤ. Ἐγὼ μὲν τά τε δίκαια δίκαια καὶ τὰ ἄδικα 316a ἄδικα.—ΣΩ. Οὐκοῦν καὶ παρὰ πᾶσιν οὕτως ὡς ἐνθάδε νομίζεται;—ΕΤ. Ναί.—ΣΩ. Οὐκοῦν καὶ ἐν Πέρσαις;—⟨ΕΤ. Καὶ ἐν Πέρσαις⟩.—ΣΩ. Ἀλλὰ ἀεὶ δήπου;—ΕΤ. Ἀεί.— ΣΩ. Πότερον δὲ τὰ πλεῖον ἕλκοντα βαρύτερα νομίζεται ἐνθάδε, τὰ δὲ ἔλαττον κουφότερα, ἢ τοὐναντίον;—ΕΤ. Οὔκ, ἀλλὰ τὰ πλεῖον ἕλκοντα βαρύτερα, τὰ δὲ ἔλαττον κουφότερα.—ΣΩ. Οὐκοῦν καὶ ἐν Καρχηδόνι καὶ ἐν Λυκαίᾳ;— ΕΤ. Ναί.—ΣΩ. Τὰ μὲν καλά, ὡς ἔοικε, πανταχοῦ νομίζεται 316b καλὰ καὶ τὰ αἰσχρὰ αἰσχρά, ἀλλ’ οὐ τὰ αἰσχρὰ καλὰ οὐδὲ τὰ καλὰ αἰσχρά.—ΕΤ. Οὕτως.—ΣΩ. Οὐκοῦν, ὡς κατὰ πάντων εἰπεῖν, τὰ ὄντα νομίζεται εἶναι, οὐ τὰ μὴ ὄντα, καὶ παρ’ ἡμῖν καὶ παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασιν.—ΕΤ. Ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ.— ΣΩ. Ὃς ἂν ἄρα τοῦ ὄντος ἁμαρτάνῃ, τοῦ νομίμου ἁμαρτάνει.

ΕΤ. Οὕτω μέν, ὦ Σώκρατες, ὡς σὺ λέγεις, καὶ φαίνεται ταῦτα νόμιμα καὶ ἡμῖν ἀεὶ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις· ἐπειδὰν δ’ ἐν316cνοήσω ὅτι οὐδὲν παυόμεθα ἄνω κάτω μετατιθέμενοι τοὺς νόμους, οὐ δύναμαι πεισθῆναι.

ΣΩ. Ἴσως γὰρ οὐκ ἐννοεῖς ταῦτα μεταπεττευόμενα ὅτι ταὐτά ἐστιν. ἀλλ’ ὧδε μετ’ ἐμοῦ αὐτὰ ἄθρει. ἤδη ποτὲ ἐνέτυχες συγγράμματι περὶ ὑγιείας τῶν καμνόντων;—ΕΤ. Ἔγωγε.—ΣΩ. Οἶσθα οὖν τίνος τέχνης τοῦτ’ ἐστὶ τὸ σύγ-

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Minos

p. 11

look into it in common with me by finding something out from me; or again, if you like, by answering.

Comp. Why, I am willing, Socrates, to answer whatever you like.

Soc. Come then, you tell me: do you accept that just things are unjust and unjust things just, or that just things are just and unjust things unjust?—Comp. For my part I accept that just things are just and unjust things 316a unjust.—Soc. Then among all people too it is accepted so, as here?—Comp. Yes.—Soc. Then among the Persians too?—⟨Comp. Among the Persians too⟩.1—Soc. But always, surely?—Comp. Always.—Soc. And are things that weigh more accepted here as heavier, and those that weigh less as lighter, or the opposite?—Comp. No: those that weigh more as heavier, and those that weigh less as lighter.—Soc. Then in Carthage and in Lycaea too?—Comp. Yes.—Soc. Fine things, it seems, are accepted everywhere 316b as fine, and shameful things as shameful, but not shameful things as fine, nor fine things as shameful.—Comp. Just so.—Soc. Then, to speak of all things, it is the things that are that are accepted as being, not the things that are not, both among us and among all others.—Comp. I think so.—Soc. Whoever misses what is, then, misses the lawful.

Comp. Put in the way you put it, Socrates, these things do appear lawful both to us, always, and to the others; but when I think of 316c how we never stop changing our laws up and down, I cannot be persuaded.

Soc. That may be because you do not think of these things, moved about as at draughts, as being the same.2 But look at them with me in this way. Have you ever come across a writing about the health of the sick?—Comp. I have.—Soc. Then do you know which craft this writing belongs to?

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About This Reading Edition

Socrates and an unnamed companion ask what law is, testing custom, civic decrees, true opinion, and the discovery of what is. The conversation turns to the crafts and to Minos as the lawgiver of Crete, before ending with an unanswered question about what improves the soul. This complete edition presents the dialogue, 313a–321d, across thirteen Greek–English page pairs, with an introduction, key words, outline, glossary, critical apparatus, and thirty translator’s notes. Transmitted among Plato’s works, its authorship is disputed.

Historical Text and Translation

The Greek follows John Burnet’s Platonis Opera, volume V (Oxford, 1907), in the supplied later impression printed by John Johnson, not before 1936. The supplied edition checks the Perseus Digital Library transcription against the printed pages. Burnet’s speaker names, quoted verse, editorial signs, and critical apparatus remain available. The companion PDF preserves the printed lineation and complete page layout.

About Diotimos Editions

Diotimos Editions prepared the independent English translation and notes. Each English dialogue page translates the Greek page opposite it, with Stephanus references in the margin and all thirty translator’s notes attached to their passages. The introduction and Key Words of the Dialogue precede the text; the Outline, Editorial Note, Glossary of Key Terms, and Note on this Edition follow it.

Rights

The ancient Greek work and Burnet’s historical text are in the public domain. The Perseus digital Greek transcription and its modifications are attributed to the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, and reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. The independent English translation and editorial matter were prepared by Diotimos Editions, 2026, and are published with the site owner’s permission. The complete supplied edition is available as PDF, EPUB, Word, and Markdown.