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Plato

Minos

Ancient Greek with an independent English translation.

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MinosMinos · 317a–317e

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Minos · 317a–317e

Ancient Greek

p. 14

οὓς οἱ ἄνθρωποι νόμους καλοῦσι, βασιλέων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν 317b ἀγαθῶν συγγράμματα.—ΕΤ. Ἀληθῆ λέγεις.

ΣΩ. Ἄλλο τι οὖν οἵ γε ἐπιστάμενοι οὐκ ἄλλοτε ἄλλα συγγράψουσι περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν;—ΕΤ. Οὔ.—ΣΩ. Οὐδὲ μεταθήσονταί ποτε περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν ἕτερα καὶ ἕτερα νόμιμα;— ΕΤ. Οὐ δῆτα.—ΣΩ. Ἐὰν οὖν ὁρῶμέν τινας ὁπουοῦν τοῦτο ποιοῦντας, πότερα φήσομεν ἐπιστήμονας εἶναι ἢ ἀνεπιστήμονας τοὺς τοῦτο ποιοῦντας;—ΕΤ. Ἀνεπιστήμονας.—ΣΩ. Οὐκοῦν καὶ ὃ μὲν ἂν ὀρθὸν ᾖ, νόμιμον αὐτὸ φήσομεν ἑκάστῳ εἶναι, ἢ τὸ ἰατρικὸν ἢ τὸ μαγειρικὸν ἢ τὸ κηπουρικόν;— 317c ΕΤ. Ναί.—ΣΩ. Ὃ δ’ ἂν μὴ ὀρθὸν ᾖ, οὐκέτι φήσομεν τοῦτο νόμιμον εἶναι;—ΕΤ. Οὐκέτι.—ΣΩ. Ἄνομον ἄρα γίγνεται. —ΕΤ. Ἀνάγκη.—ΣΩ. Οὐκοῦν καὶ ἐν τοῖς συγγράμμασι τοῖς περὶ τῶν δικαίων καὶ ἀδίκων καὶ ὅλως περὶ πόλεως διακοσμήσεώς τε καὶ περὶ τοῦ ὡς χρὴ πόλιν διοικεῖν, τὸ μὲν ὀρθὸν νόμος ἐστὶ βασιλικός, τὸ δὲ μὴ ὀρθὸν οὔ, ὃ δοκεῖ νόμος εἶναι τοῖς μὴ εἰδόσιν· ἔστιν γὰρ ἄνομον.—ΕΤ. Ναί. 317d —ΣΩ. Ὀρθῶς ἄρα ὡμολογήσαμεν νόμον εἶναι τοῦ ὄντος εὕρεσιν.—ΕΤ. Φαίνεται.

ΣΩ. Ἔτι δὲ καὶ τόδε ἐν αὐτῷ διαθεώμεθα. τίς ἐπιστήμων διανεῖμαι ἐπὶ γῇ τὰ σπέρματα;—ΕΤ. Γεωργός.—ΣΩ. Οὗτος δὲ τὰ ἄξια σπέρματα ἑκάστῃ γῇ διανέμει;—ΕΤ. Ναί.— ΣΩ. Ὁ γεωργὸς ἄρα νομεὺς ἀγαθὸς τούτων, καὶ οἱ τούτου νόμοι καὶ διανομαὶ ἐπὶ ταῦτα ὀρθαί εἰσιν;—ΕΤ. Ναί.— ΣΩ. Τίς δὲ κρουμάτων ἐπὶ τὰ μέλη ἀγαθὸς νομεύς, καὶ τὰ ἄξια νεῖμαι; καὶ οἱ τίνος νόμοι ὀρθοί εἰσιν;—ΕΤ. Οἱ τοῦ 317e αὐλητοῦ καὶ τοῦ κιθαριστοῦ.—ΣΩ. Ὁ νομικώτατος ἄρα ἐν τούτοις, οὗτος αὐλητικώτατος.—ΕΤ. Ναί.—ΣΩ. Τίς δὲ τὴν

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Minos

p. 15

which people call laws, 317b writings of kings and good men.—Comp. What you say is true.

Soc. Then surely those who know how will not write different things at different times about the same things?—Comp. No.—Soc. Nor ever change their lawful usages about the same things, now to some and now to others?—Comp. No indeed.—Soc. So if we see some people anywhere doing this, shall we say that those who do it have knowledge or are without knowledge?—Comp. Without knowledge.—Soc. Then whatever is right, we shall say it is lawful for each, whether that of medicine or that of cookery or that of gardening?—Comp. 317c Yes.—Soc. And whatever is not right, we shall no longer say it is lawful?—Comp. No longer.—Soc. Then it becomes lawless.—Comp. Necessarily.—Soc. Then in the writings too about just things and unjust and, in general, about the arrangement of a city and how a city should be ordered, what is right is kingly law, and what is not right, which seems to be law to those who do not know, is not; for it is lawless.—Comp. Yes.—Soc. 317d Rightly, then, we agreed that law is the finding of what is.—Comp. It appears so.

Soc. And let us go on to view this in it as well.1 Who has the knowledge to distribute seeds on the soil?—Comp. A farmer.—Soc. And he distributes to each soil the seeds that are due to it?—Comp. Yes.—Soc. Then the farmer is a good distributor of these, and his laws and distributions in these matters are right?2—Comp. Yes.—Soc. And who is a good distributor of strokes for the tunes, and good at distributing what is due? And whose laws are right?—Comp. The 317e flute-player’s and the cithara-player’s.—Soc. Then the one most skilled in law in these things is the most skilled flute-player.3—Comp. Yes.—Soc. And who

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About This Reading Edition

Socrates and an unnamed companion ask what law is, testing custom, civic decrees, true opinion, and the discovery of what is. The conversation turns to the crafts and to Minos as the lawgiver of Crete, before ending with an unanswered question about what improves the soul. This complete edition presents the dialogue, 313a–321d, across thirteen Greek–English page pairs, with an introduction, key words, outline, glossary, critical apparatus, and thirty translator’s notes. Transmitted among Plato’s works, its authorship is disputed.

Historical Text and Translation

The Greek follows John Burnet’s Platonis Opera, volume V (Oxford, 1907), in the supplied later impression printed by John Johnson, not before 1936. The supplied edition checks the Perseus Digital Library transcription against the printed pages. Burnet’s speaker names, quoted verse, editorial signs, and critical apparatus remain available. The companion PDF preserves the printed lineation and complete page layout.

About Diotimos Editions

Diotimos Editions prepared the independent English translation and notes. Each English dialogue page translates the Greek page opposite it, with Stephanus references in the margin and all thirty translator’s notes attached to their passages. The introduction and Key Words of the Dialogue precede the text; the Outline, Editorial Note, Glossary of Key Terms, and Note on this Edition follow it.

Rights

The ancient Greek work and Burnet’s historical text are in the public domain. The Perseus digital Greek transcription and its modifications are attributed to the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, and reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. The independent English translation and editorial matter were prepared by Diotimos Editions, 2026, and are published with the site owner’s permission. The complete supplied edition is available as PDF, EPUB, Word, and Markdown.