October 25.
Fanaticism is a religious or irreligious intoxication; but a dark, harmful, furious intoxication. Religions are like wines: the newest are the most intoxicating. All religions are furious until they have reigned.
One may be filled with enthusiasm for an old religion; one is a fanatic only for a new religion. Nor is one ever a fanatic for a religion that is numerous, widespread, universal, or for a religion in which everything is fixed and which is regulated by an acknowledged authority. Novelty, small numbers and private judgment are necessary ingredients for producing fanaticism. Intoxication requires a new wine, still cloudy and little fermented.
I. Fanaticism is a religious (or irreligious) intoxication, but a dark, harmful, furious intoxication.
II. Religions are like vigorous wines, of which the newest are the most intoxicating.
III. All strong religions are furious until they have reigned over a great expanse of country or a great number of followers. Age, extent and dominion take away their fermentations.
IV. As with wines, what is sweet in them develops first. They have their must, their alcohol.
V. Happy the countries where religions prevail that are old and have been universally spread at [all] times.
VI. All religions have had movements belonging to man’s nature. The Catholic is the one that has [had] the fewest: read history. The Protestants have been the most fanatical: read the history of England.
VII. Old religions inflame the heart, and new ones the brain. Enthusiasts may be found in the former; fanatics are in the others.
VIII. The most furious of fanaticisms is inspired above all by religions whose principle is private judgment, personal interpretation. Religions whose principle is an authority acknowledged by all have a rule, and consequently a powerful obstacle to fanaticism .
Religions that have fermented — small numbers, etc.
Religion is a gift of God, and wine too is a gift of God, but made for man and consequently suited to our imperfect [nature], (and consequently imperfect). God himself cannot make what is not himself perfect or perfectly good.
October 26.
The holy books And the world.
Do you need history to prove creation to you, and the testimony of other historians to discover the truth of the holy books?
The world’s beauty shows God’s handiwork in it, and the piety of the holy books proves their divinity.
... — both the world and the holy books, the same imperfections. So required the great law of freedom in morals.
T144. Religious/irreligious, repeated intoxication, all three qualities and newest/most relation remain. Until they have reigned retains the completed reign condition, without an added duration or modern historical claim. The French literally retains ennyvrans with nn and y and règné with a grave mark on its first e ; neither form is normalized in the source.
T379. The complete 25 governs two paragraphs. Ennyvrans retains nn/y , règné the printed grave on its first e , and authorité the h . The upper e components in étenduë and reconnuë support the diaeresis under the reproduction limits; no normalization is made. The second paragraph continues onto 880 without a new paragraph or boundary punctuation. Nou-/veauté , nécessai-/res and nou-/veau are complete wraps. The restriction, never/nor forms, private-judgment phrase and wine metaphor remain; the following numbered reformulation is a separately divided undated unit. The source specialist’s facsimile collation records the 879 partial date, seven metalinguistic italic terms, baseline code, doubled-b /ennyvrans/règné forms, two e -diaereses and complete 880 continuation, with all stated individual reading qualifications retained.
T145. The possibility versus restriction, never, all three kinds of reach and fixed/regulated distinction remain. Numerous is deliberately applied to religion as in the source. Private judgment contextually renders sens propre , clarified by the later numbered personal-interpretation formulation; it does not mean a word’s literal sense here. The wine metaphor retains novelty, cloudiness and limited fermentation. This single paragraph continues onto 880; no date is assigned to the separate numbered reformulation. English places a semicolon after old religion where the source has a comma. The literal French authorité retains h , and étenduë and reconnuë retain their qualified e -diaereses; ordinary English spelling does not reproduce those forms.
T146. The Roman numeral, newly parenthesized alternative and repeated intoxication remain; this numbered reformulation is separate from the preceding entry. The eight Roman-numbered paragraphs and following unnumbered fragment form one undated unit; the preceding October 25 does not govern it. All its text is roman.
T380. The centered separator starts a new undated unit, not a continuation of the 25 octobre date. Eight separately indented paragraphs carry Roman I–VIII; the following unnumbered fragment is a ninth paragraph in the same unit. All text is roman. The literal ennyvrans , alkool , mouvemens and authorité forms remain. Moût has a compressed circumflex; both étenduë , répanduës and reconnuë retain paired upper e components supported by color/native 412, with contours qualified to the reproduction. Here régné has an acute first e , distinct from preceding 879 règné . The complete nou-/veaux , fermenta-/tions , pre-/mier , per-/sonnelle and fana-/tisme wraps supply no new gaps. Both [tout] and [eu] are printed roman editorial supplements. The call 1 follows fanatisme in paragraph 8 and precedes its baseline period, not the closing unnumbered fragment. Modal, comparative and restrictive claims are retained without historical harmonization.
T147. The new vigorous qualifier, newest/most comparison and one-paragraph numbered form remain. The French literally retains ennyvrans with nn and y ; ordinary English spelling does not reproduce those letters.
T148. The strong qualifier, all, completed until condition, two great terms and territorial/numerical alternatives remain. The plural fermentations keeps the concrete wine process within the religious metaphor. Here the first e in régné has an acute mark, unlike preceding règné on page 879. Both occurrences of étenduë retain the qualified e -diaeresis recorded in the source.
T149. The first-development claim and two possessives remain. Must is the wine-making noun for grape juice before or during fermentation, not the English modal verb; no correction of the source’s sequence is made. The literal source retains alkool , while the upper mark in moût is read as a compressed circumflex with the reproduction’s contour limits.
T150. The exclamation-like nominal opening, prevailing religions, explicit coordination of old and universally spread, and universal/temporal extent remain. [All] corresponds to the printed source-editor supply [tout] , not a newly inferred loss. The source retains répanduës with its qualified e -diaeresis.
T151. The universal opening, comparative fewest/most and both read imperatives remain as Joubert’s assertions. [Had] corresponds to the source editor’s [eu] . No independent historical verification or qualification is inserted into the author’s claim. The French retains the literal plural mouvemens ; ordinary English movements does not reproduce that spelling.
T152. The two body parts, old/new opposition and potential may versus definite are remain. The second clause’s verb is implicit as in French.
S1. Source editor’s annotation Another wording: “I. Fanaticism is a religious or irreligious fury (an intoxication) whose principle is novelty, small numbers and private judgment. II. All strong religions are furious until they have reigned. III. Old religions, whatever they may be, resemble old wines that warm the heart but no longer inflame the head.”
T153. The superlative, above all, appositional personal interpretation, repeated principle and all remain. Private judgment renders sens propre in this expressly interpretive context, not lexical literalness. The rule/obstacle causal sequence and final repetition of fanaticism remain. English supplies a comma before and consequently; the French has no comma there. The source retains authorité with h and reconnuë with its qualified e -diaeresis. The source annotation call follows the final fanaticism before the period; it does not belong to the following unnumbered fragment.
T161. The three Roman numbers remain inline within this one source annotation. Fury followed by the parenthetic intoxication, the three principles, strong/all, whatever and no longer remain. The variant’s warm/head differs from the main inflame/brain; these are not silently harmonized. The complete variant is roman, with its closing quotation and period retained; its call belongs to the eighth main paragraph, not the ninth fragment.
T154. This ninth paragraph remains unnumbered and fragmentary. Fermented retains the wine metaphor; neither the dash nor etc. is expanded into a completed relation.
T155. The repeated gift, too, two consequently terms, parenthesis and explicit cannot remain. The source editor’s [nature] stays bracketed. Wine is a contextual attachment for masculine fait and imparfait , but masculine don (gift) is also grammatically available; gender alone does not choose between them. The English keeps the source’s compressed attachment rather than replacing it with a plural claim about both gifts. The comma before the parenthesis follows the source.
T156. The nominal paragraph and capital And remain. This is a main paragraph within a four-paragraph entry, not an invented title.
T383. The complete 26 governs four separately indented paragraphs. The first short formulation is a main paragraph, not a promoted heading, and retains capital Et . The question keeps its two purposes and comma. The third retains distinct y/en relations. The fourth opens with three printed dots and a long dash, not a reproduction-loss bracket; both et forms, nominal imperfections and following inverted imperfect remain. The body is roman throughout.
T157. The second-person question, history/other historians and two distinct purposes remain. No particular historian or creation account is named.
T158. The two subjects, shows/proves distinction and corresponding objects remain. In it refers to the world; their refers to the books. The note does not add an independent proof to Joubert’s assertion.
T159. The opening ellipsis and dash, nominal same-imperfections construction and backward reference remain. Morals renders the source domain without adding a political or theological explanation. The three opening dots are printed source punctuation, not a reproduction-loss marker.