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Robert Burton

The Anatomy of Melancholy

1651 English with a close modern English rendering

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The Anatomy of MelancholyDemocritus Junior to the Reader

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1651 English Page · Branch 50 of 1495

Democritus Junior to the Reader

1651 English

26

Some delight to destroy, one to build, another to spoil one countrey to enrich another and himself. In all these things they are like children, in whom is no judgment or councel, and resemble beasts, saving that beasts are better then they, as being contented with nature. When shall you see a Lion hide gold in the ground, or a Bul contend for a better pasture? when a Boar is thirsty, he drinks what will serve him, and no more: and when his belly is ful, he ceaseth to eat: But men are immoderate in both; as in lust, they covet carnal copulation at set times; men always, ruinating thereby the health of their bodies.

And doth it not deserve laughter, to see an amorous fool torment himself for a wench; weep, howl for a mis-shapen slut, a dowdy, sometimes that might have his choice of the finest beauties? Is there any remedy for this in physick? I do anatomize and cut up these poor beasts, to see these distempers, vanities, and follies, yet such proof were better made on mans body, if my kinde nature would indure it: Who from the hour of his birth is most miserable, weak and sickly; when he sucks he is guided by others; when he is grown great practiseth unhappinesse, and is sturdy, and when old, a childe again, and repenteth him of his life past.

And here being interrupted by one that brought books, he fell to it again, that all were mad, carelesse, stupid. To prove my former speeches, look into courts, or private houses. Judges give judgement according to their own advantage, doing manifest wrong to poor innocents, to please others. Notaries alter sentences, and for money lose their Deeds. Some make false moneys, others counterfeit false weights. Some abuse their parents, yea corrupt their own sisters, others make long libels and pasquils, defaming men of good life, and extol such as are lewd and vicious. Some rob one, some another; Magistrates make laws against theeves, and are the veriest theeves themselves. Some kill themselves, others despair, not obtaining their desires. Some dance, sing, laugh, feast and banquet, whilest others sigh, languish, mourn and lament, having neither meat, drink, nor clothes.

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The Anatomy of Melancholy: Democritus Junior to the Reader

p. 50

Some delight in destruction, another in building, another in plundering one country to enrich a second and himself. In all this they resemble children without judgement or reason, and beasts—except that beasts are better, because they are content with what nature requires. When do you see a lion bury gold, or a bull struggle for a better pasture? A thirsty boar drinks only what he needs, and stops eating when his belly is full. People are immoderate in both. The same holds in lust: animals want sexual intercourse at fixed seasons, people always, thereby ruining their bodily health.

Does it not deserve laughter to see a lovesick fool torment himself over a girl, weeping and howling for a misshapen slattern, a dowdy woman—sometimes a man who could choose the finest beauties? Is there any medical remedy for this? I dissect and cut up these poor animals to investigate these disorders, vanities, and follies; yet the investigation would be better made on the human body, if my kindly nature could bear it. A human being is wretched, weak, and sickly from birth: while at the breast, directed by others; when grown, practising mischief and being headstrong; when old, a child again, regretting the life he has lived.

Here someone bringing books interrupted him. Then he resumed: everyone was mad, heedless, and senseless. To prove what I have said, look into courts or private houses. Judges decide cases for their own benefit, plainly wronging poor innocent people to please others. Notaries alter judgements and, for money, make their documents disappear. Some counterfeit coins; others falsify weights. Some mistreat their parents, even sexually corrupt their own sisters. Others write lengthy libels and lampoons, slandering people who live well and praising the depraved and vicious. Some rob one person, some another. Magistrates make laws against thieves and are themselves the greatest thieves. Some kill themselves; others despair because they cannot obtain what they want. Some dance, sing, laugh, feast, and banquet while others sigh, waste away, mourn, and lament, without food, drink, or clothing.

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About This Reading Edition

Robert Burton’s Anatomy ranges across medicine, philosophy, poetry, religion, and everyday life in its inquiry into melancholy. This complete parallel edition pairs the 1651 English text with a close modern English rendering, preserving the three Partitions, Democritus Junior’s address to the reader, verse, and the historical index.

Historical Text and Translation

The historical text follows the sixth edition, printed at Oxford for Henry Cripps in 1651, using the McGill University Library copy. The supplied edition documents missing printed pages 98–99 supplied from another 1651 copy at the Bavarian State Library. Historical folio labels and their irregularities remain visible; web reader numbers identify reflowed passages and do not claim to reproduce PDF pagination.

About Diotimos Editions

Diotimos Editions prepared the close modern English rendering and editorial matter. All 8,755 original and modern passage pairs remain aligned, with verse breaks, italics, continuations, and linked annotations preserved. Burton’s 6,781 historical notes retain their attribution; 6,895 editorial notes remain distinct. The introduction, Note on the Text, contextual lexicon, indexes, source documentation, and bibliography are included. The engraved frontispiece remains available in the original downloads.

Rights

Burton’s historical text is in the public domain. The modern English rendering, introduction, notes, and editorial matter are © 2026 Diotimos Editions and appear with the site owner’s permission. The complete supplied PDF, EPUB, Word, and Markdown files remain available unchanged. The PDF and Word edition preserve the original parallel page layout.