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English Introduction · Branch 1119 of 1495
Contextual Lexicon
The Anatomy of Melancholy: Contextual Lexicon
p. 1119The word. Costiveness means constipation or retention of the ordinary bowel waste. Costivenesse is a spelling variant.
In Burton. Burton places costiveness first among the forms of retention discussed as causes of melancholy. In the symptom catalogue, it appears with poor digestion, undigested matter and obstructions. The same condition can thus occupy a place in the causal discussion and in the description of a patient’s bodily troubles.
The places. Costiveness is placed under retention and evacuation. (p. 78; DJR-036-05.) Constipation appears among nutritive disturbances. (p. 180; DJR-058-15.)
In this edition. “Costiveness” → “constipation” (DJR-036-05); “costivenesse” → “constipation” (DJR-058-15). Constipation gives the direct modern equivalent for both spellings.
See also. Purging.
Counterfeit
The word. Counterfeit can be a noun for a person pretending or acting a part. The particular role must be supplied by context.
In Burton. In the reported treatment of a man who believes he is dead, another person is placed nearby as a supposed corpse and made to eat. The patient addresses this counterfeit and then imitates him. The noun identifies the staged performer, not the patient or a forged object.
The places. A man acts the part of a corpse in a therapeutic deception. (p. 298; DJR-084-37.)
In this edition. “the counterfeit” → “the pretended corpse” (DJR-084-37). Pretended corpse names the role and keeps the two people in the anecdote distinct.
See also. Abraham men; Mountebank; Habit and disposition.
Crased
Source forms: crased; crasie; crazed
The word. Crased, crasie and crazed can describe impairment, infirmity or broken bodily health. The word family is not confined to mental derangement.
In Burton. A sustained habit of imagining ends with fancy crased: the Latin phrase immediately calls the imagination injured. The portrait of unhappy wealth describes people as crasie among other bodily complaints. In consolation for bereavement, crazed accompanies sickly and the image of an exhausted traveller. The affected subject determines whether impaired or frail is appropriate.
The places. Fancy is described as injured or impaired. (p. 196; DJR-061-18.) The outward splendour of wealth conceals infirmity. (p. 321; DJR-089-40.) The deceased is imagined remaining frail and sickly. (p. 345; DJR-095-05.)
In this edition. “crased” → “impaired” (DJR-061-18); “crasie” → “infirm” (DJR-089-40); “crazed and sickly” → “frail and sickly” (DJR-095-05). The equivalents keep the bodily senses from becoming unintended claims of mental illness.
Cure
The word. Cure can mean a pastoral charge: the care of a congregation entrusted to a clergyman. Here it identifies the church appointment or parish so served.
In Burton. Burton concludes a satirical account of patronage with the matching pair of patron and clergyman, like a lid fitted to a dish. The declaration that the cure is well supplied belongs to that irony. It concerns filling a pastoral office, not curing a disease.
The places. A patron and clergyman are matched in a satirical conclusion. (p. 142 [printed 128]; DJR-049-30.)
In this edition. “the cure is well supplied” → “The parish is well provided for” (DJR-049-30). Parish makes the institutional sense clear, while the apparently satisfied conclusion retains the satire.
See also. Church patronage.
Curiosity
Source forms: nice; curious; curiously; curiosity; curious Wroks
The word. Curious and curiosity range from painstaking attention and elaborate workmanship to excessive scruple or misplaced inquiry. The word family does not always carry the modern neutral sense of wanting to learn.
Socrates
Reading The Anatomy of Melancholy · Contextual Lexicon · Contextual lexicon
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Socrates will begin with this book and its sources.About This Reading Edition
Robert Burton’s Anatomy ranges across medicine, philosophy, poetry, religion, and everyday life in its inquiry into melancholy. This complete parallel edition pairs the 1651 English text with a close modern English rendering, preserving the three Partitions, Democritus Junior’s address to the reader, verse, and the historical index.
Historical Text and Translation
The historical text follows the sixth edition, printed at Oxford for Henry Cripps in 1651, using the McGill University Library copy. The supplied edition documents missing printed pages 98–99 supplied from another 1651 copy at the Bavarian State Library. Historical folio labels and their irregularities remain visible; web reader numbers identify reflowed passages and do not claim to reproduce PDF pagination.
About Diotimos Editions
Diotimos Editions prepared the close modern English rendering and editorial matter. All 8,755 original and modern passage pairs remain aligned, with verse breaks, italics, continuations, and linked annotations preserved. Burton’s 6,781 historical notes retain their attribution; 6,895 editorial notes remain distinct. The introduction, Note on the Text, contextual lexicon, indexes, source documentation, and bibliography are included. The engraved frontispiece remains available in the original downloads.
Rights
Burton’s historical text is in the public domain. The modern English rendering, introduction, notes, and editorial matter are © 2026 Diotimos Editions and appear with the site owner’s permission. The complete supplied PDF, EPUB, Word, and Markdown files remain available unchanged. The PDF and Word edition preserve the original parallel page layout.
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- Markdown editionComplete annotated edition — Markdown
- Principal historical witnessMcGill University Library — 1651 edition
- Supplied 1651 openingBavarian State Library — supplied opening
- Independent local comparison witnessIndependent 1651 microfilm — comparison opening