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Robert Burton

The Anatomy of Melancholy

1651 English with a close modern English rendering

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The Anatomy of MelancholySection 2 Member 1, Subsection 1 Love Melancholy: Its Ancestry, Power and Reach.

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Modern English Page · Branch 708 of 1495

Section 2 Member 1, Subsection 1 Love Melancholy: Its Ancestry, Power and Reach.

1651 English

438–439–439

One more I will relate out of Florilegus, ad annum 1058. an honest Historian of our nation, because he telleth it so confidently, as a thing in those daies talked of all over Europe: A yong Gentleman of Rome, the same day that he was married, after dinner with the Bride and his friends went a walking into the fields, and towards evening to the Tennis-Court to recreate himself; whilst he played, he put his ring upon the finger of Venus statua, which was thereby made in brass, after he had sufficiently played, and now made an end of his sport, he came to fetch his ring, but Venus had bowed her finger in, and he could not get it off.

Whereupon loath to make his company tarry at present, there left it, intending to fetch it the next day, or at some more convenient time, went thence to supper, and so to bed. In the night when he should come to perform those nuptiall rites, Venus steps between him and his wife, (unseen or felt of her) and told him that she was his wife, that he had betrothed himself unto her by that ring, which he put upon her finger: she troubled him for some following nights.

He not knowing how to help himself, made his moan to one Palumbus, a learned Magitian in those daies, who gave him a letter, and bid him at such a time of the night, in such a cross way, at the Towns end, where old Saturn would pass by with his associates in procession, as commonly he did, deliver that script with his own hands to Saturn himself;

the young man of a bold spirit, accordingly did it; and when the old fiend had read it, he called Venus to him, who rode before him, and commanded her to deliver his ring, which forthwith she did, and so the gentleman was freed.

Many such stories I finde in severall Authors to confirm this which I have said; as that more notable amongst the rest, of Philinium and Machates in Phlegons Tract de rebus mirabilibus, and though many be against it, yet I for my part will subscribe to Lactantius lib. 14. cap. 15.

God sent Angels to the tuition of men; but whilest they lived amongst us, that mischievous all-commander of the Earth, and hot in lust, enticed them by little and little to this vice, and defiled them with the company of women: And Anaxagoras de resurrect. Many of those spirituall bodies overcome by the love of Maids, and lust, failed, of whom those were born here we call Giants.

Justin Martyr, Clemens Alexandrinus, Sulpitius Severus, Eusebius, &c. to this sense make a twofold fall of Angels, one from the beginning of the world, another a little before the deluge, as Moses teacheth us, openly professing that these Genii can beget, and have carnall copulation with Women.

At Japan in the East Indies, at this present (if we may believe the relation of travellers) there is an Idol called Teuchedy, to whom one of the fairest virgins of the country is monthly brought, and left in a private room, in the Fotoqui, or Church, where she sits alone to be defloured. At certain times Teuchedy (which is thought to be the divell) appears to her, and knows her carnally. Every month a fair Virgin is taken in. By what means she comes out the old man can tell.

438–439–439

The Anatomy of Melancholy: Section 2 Member 1, Subsection 1 Love Melancholy: Its Ancestry, Power and Reach.

p. 708

I will tell one more story from Florilegus, under the year 1058. He is a trustworthy historian of our own nation, and tells it so confidently, as something discussed throughout Europe in those days. A young gentleman of Rome, on his wedding day, went walking in the fields after dinner with his bride and friends, and towards evening went to the tennis court for recreation. While playing, he put his ring on the finger of a nearby bronze statue of Venus. When he had played enough and finished his game, he went to retrieve the ring, but Venus had bent her finger inwards, and he could not remove it.

Unwilling to keep his companions waiting, he left it there, intending to retrieve it the next day or at a more convenient time. He went to supper and then to bed. That night, when he was about to consummate the marriage, Venus stepped between him and his wife—who neither saw nor felt her—and told him that she was his wife: by placing that ring on her finger, he had pledged himself to her. She troubled him for several nights afterwards.

Not knowing how to escape his predicament, he appealed to a certain Palumbus, a learned magician of that time. Palumbus gave him a letter and instructed him to go at a specified hour of the night to a particular crossroads on the edge of town, where old Saturn would pass in procession with his companions, as he commonly did, and hand the letter to Saturn himself.

The young man was bold and did as instructed. When the old fiend had read the letter, he called Venus, who was riding ahead of him, and ordered her to return the ring. She immediately obeyed, and the gentleman was freed.

I find many such stories in various authors to confirm what I have said, among them the especially notable story of Philinium and Machates in Phlegon’s treatise On Marvellous Things. Although many disagree, I for my part will assent to Lactantius, book 14, chapter 15:

“God sent angels to protect human beings; but while they lived among us, that wicked ruler of the whole earth, burning with lust, gradually enticed them into this vice and defiled them through intercourse with women.” And Anaxagoras, On the Resurrection: “Many of those spiritual beings, overcome by love of maidens and by lust, fell; from them were born those whom we here call giants.”

Justin Martyr, Clement of Alexandria, Sulpicius Severus, Eusebius and others accordingly describe two falls of angels: one at the beginning of the world, the other shortly before the Flood, as Moses teaches us. They openly declare that these spirits can beget children and have sexual intercourse with women.

In Japan in the East Indies, at the present time—if we may believe travellers’ accounts—there is an idol called Teuchedy. Each month one of the most beautiful virgins of the country is brought to him and left in a private room in the Fotoqui, or temple, where she sits alone to be deflowered. At certain times Teuchedy, thought to be the devil, appears to her and has sexual intercourse with her. Every month a beautiful virgin is taken in. The old man can tell by what means she comes out.

708

About This Reading Edition

Robert Burton’s Anatomy ranges across medicine, philosophy, poetry, religion, and everyday life in its inquiry into melancholy. This complete parallel edition pairs the 1651 English text with a close modern English rendering, preserving the three Partitions, Democritus Junior’s address to the reader, verse, and the historical index.

Historical Text and Translation

The historical text follows the sixth edition, printed at Oxford for Henry Cripps in 1651, using the McGill University Library copy. The supplied edition documents missing printed pages 98–99 supplied from another 1651 copy at the Bavarian State Library. Historical folio labels and their irregularities remain visible; web reader numbers identify reflowed passages and do not claim to reproduce PDF pagination.

About Diotimos Editions

Diotimos Editions prepared the close modern English rendering and editorial matter. All 8,755 original and modern passage pairs remain aligned, with verse breaks, italics, continuations, and linked annotations preserved. Burton’s 6,781 historical notes retain their attribution; 6,895 editorial notes remain distinct. The introduction, Note on the Text, contextual lexicon, indexes, source documentation, and bibliography are included. The engraved frontispiece remains available in the original downloads.

Rights

Burton’s historical text is in the public domain. The modern English rendering, introduction, notes, and editorial matter are © 2026 Diotimos Editions and appear with the site owner’s permission. The complete supplied PDF, EPUB, Word, and Markdown files remain available unchanged. The PDF and Word edition preserve the original parallel page layout.