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Robert Burton

The Anatomy of Melancholy

1651 English with a close modern English rendering

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The Anatomy of MelancholySubsection 4. Composite Parts.

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1651 English Page · Branch 151 of 1495

Subsection 4. Composite Parts.

1651 English

19

The Brain it self is divided into two parts, the fore and hinder part; the fore part is much bigger then the other, which is called the little brain in respect of it. This fore part hath many concavities distinguished by certain ventricles, which are the receptacles of the spirits, brought hither by the arteries from the heart, and are there refined to a more heavenly nature, to performe the actions of the soul. Of these ventricles there be three, Right, Left, & Middle. The Right & Left answer to their site, and beget animal spirits; if they be any way hurt, sense and motion ceaseth. These ventricles moreover, are held to be the seat of the common sense.

The Middle ventricle, is a common concourse, & cavity of them both; and hath two passages; the one to receive Pituita, & the other extends it self to the fourth creek: in this they place Imagination and Cogitation, and so the three ventricles of the fore part of the Brain are used. The fourth Creek behind the head, is common to the Cerebel or little brain, and marrow of the back-bone, the last, and most solid of all the rest, which receives the animal spirits from the other ventricles, & conveys them to the marrow in the back, and is the place where they say the memory is seated.

19

The Anatomy of Melancholy: Subsection 4. Composite Parts.

p. 151

The brain itself is divided into front and rear parts. The front is much larger than the other, which is accordingly called the little brain. The front part has various cavities arranged into ventricles, receptacles for the spirits brought here from the heart through the arteries. Here the spirits are refined into a more heavenly substance to perform the soul’s actions. There are three of these ventricles: right, left and middle. The right and left are named from their positions and generate animal spirits. If they are injured, sensation and movement cease. These ventricles are also held to be the seat of the common sense.

The middle ventricle is a shared cavity where the other two meet. It has two passages: one receives phlegm, while the other extends to the fourth chamber. Here they place imagination and thought. Such are the uses of the three ventricles in the front part of the brain. The fourth chamber, at the back of the head, belongs jointly to the cerebellum, or little brain, and the spinal cord. It is the last and most solid of them all, receiving animal spirits from the other ventricles and conveying them to the spinal cord. Here, they say, memory is seated.

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About This Reading Edition

Robert Burton’s Anatomy ranges across medicine, philosophy, poetry, religion, and everyday life in its inquiry into melancholy. This complete parallel edition pairs the 1651 English text with a close modern English rendering, preserving the three Partitions, Democritus Junior’s address to the reader, verse, and the historical index.

Historical Text and Translation

The historical text follows the sixth edition, printed at Oxford for Henry Cripps in 1651, using the McGill University Library copy. The supplied edition documents missing printed pages 98–99 supplied from another 1651 copy at the Bavarian State Library. Historical folio labels and their irregularities remain visible; web reader numbers identify reflowed passages and do not claim to reproduce PDF pagination.

About Diotimos Editions

Diotimos Editions prepared the close modern English rendering and editorial matter. All 8,755 original and modern passage pairs remain aligned, with verse breaks, italics, continuations, and linked annotations preserved. Burton’s 6,781 historical notes retain their attribution; 6,895 editorial notes remain distinct. The introduction, Note on the Text, contextual lexicon, indexes, source documentation, and bibliography are included. The engraved frontispiece remains available in the original downloads.

Rights

Burton’s historical text is in the public domain. The modern English rendering, introduction, notes, and editorial matter are © 2026 Diotimos Editions and appear with the site owner’s permission. The complete supplied PDF, EPUB, Word, and Markdown files remain available unchanged. The PDF and Word edition preserve the original parallel page layout.