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In Burton. Burton reports a sevenfold division of ethereal spirits or angels corresponding to the seven traditional planets. The list begins with Saturnian, Jovian and Martian kinds, then connects the scheme with authorities who discuss celestial and sublunary spirits.
The places. Planetary names classify ethereal spirits. (p. 45; DJR-029-35.)
In this edition. “Saturnine, Jovial, Martial” → “Saturnian, Jovian, Martian” (DJR-029-35). Jovian and Martian make the planetary reference immediate. Their place beside Saturnian preserves the structure of the list.
See also. Astrology.
Judgment
The word. Sentence here means a judgment, opinion or proposition. It introduces a claim to be compared with another thinker’s claim, rather than naming a grammatical unit or punishment.
In Burton. The discussion of intellectual ability compares a preceding judgment with Heraclitus’s saying about dryness and wisdom. Burton then assembles animal and medical examples in support of the bodily explanation. The vocabulary of judgment identifies the claim’s argumentative role.
The places. A sentence is compared with a saying attributed to Heraclitus. (p. 208; DJR-064-08.)
In this edition. “This sentence of his” → “This judgment” (DJR-064-08). Judgment gives the relevant sense directly. It does not endorse the ensuing explanation of intellectual capacity through bodily dryness.
See also. Reason; Action; Indifferent.
Judicial and judicious
Source forms: judicially conferring
The word. Judicially can mean judiciously, with sound judgment. Conferring here means comparing. The phrase concerns careful assessment of circumstances, rather than proceedings before a court.
In Burton. Burton lists complaints about unequal wealth and labour, then charges the complainants with failing to compare conditions properly or weigh the instability of fortune. The phrase is part of his consolatory response to poverty and social difference.
The places. Judicially conferring describes the comparison Burton says is missing. (p. 326; DJR-090-56.)
In this edition. “judicially conferring one condition with another” → “judiciously comparing one condition with another” (DJR-090-56). The modern phrase clarifies both words. It preserves Burton’s argument without making its judgments about inequality an editorial conclusion.
See also. Astrology.
Just
Source forms: just volumes; just treatises; just volume; just tract
The word. Just can mean full, substantial or of proper extent. Applied to a volume, tract or treatise, it concerns the work’s scale, rather than fairness or moral correctness.
In Burton. Burton invokes substantial books both when acknowledging predecessors and when directing readers to specialized accounts. The same sense appears in his hostile discussion of possession and in a cosmological argument he ridicules. Calling a tract just therefore does not mean agreeing with its contents.
The places. Earlier physicians have written full volumes on the subject. (p. 6; DJR-003-13.) Specialized medical accounts are called full treatises. (p. 202; DJR-062-28.) Harsnett’s work is described as a substantial volume. (p. 225; DJR-068-37.) Biancani argues his claim at length. (p. 244; DJR-073-05.)
In this edition. “just Volumes” → “full-length volumes” (DJR-003-13); “two just Treatises” → “two full treatises” (DJR-062-28); “a just volume” → “a substantial volume” (DJR-068-37); “in a just tract proves” → “argues at length” (DJR-073-05). Full-length, full, substantial and at length make the scale of treatment explicit. They leave Burton’s approval or disapproval to the surrounding argument.
See also. Absolute.
Legal evidence
Source forms: obligation; assurances; evidence
The word. Obligation can mean a written bond or binding pledge. Assurances are instruments securing property or title, and evidence can mean a legal document or title deed. These senses concern enforceable claims and their records, not merely a general duty, confidence or proof.
In Burton. The contrast between paid services and scholarship includes a clerk’s work on a bond. Burton praises the brevity of older property documents, then mocks people who can barely read one. In the religious discussion, obligation describes the supposed pledge by which people have bound themselves to the devil.
The places. A clerk receives payment for an obligation. (p. 37–38; DJR-011-09.) Assurances belong to transfers and guarantees of property. (p. 51; DJR-013-36.) Evidence names the document read with difficulty. (p. 138; DJR-048-31.) Obligation describes a binding pledge in the report of recovery. (p. 705; DJR-166-10.)
In this edition. “for an obligation” → “for drawing up a bond” (DJR-011-09); “conveyances, assurances” → “transfers of property and guarantees” (DJR-013-36); “scamble at a piece of Evidence” → “stumble through a legal document” (DJR-048-31); “by obligation given themselves to him” → “bound themselves over to him” (DJR-166-10). The renderings identify the particular instrument or act of binding. The last remains part of a reported supernatural claim, not confirmation of a pact’s power.
See also. Church patronage; Usury; Dowry and jointure.
Leisure
The word. Otiosum otium means idle leisure. Leisure names time free from occupation; the added adjective can make that freedom a matter of unproductive inactivity. Its exact attachment in Burton’s sentence is awkward.
In Burton. After wondering what absorbed Socrates, Burton turns abruptly to the destructive solitude of melancholic people. The phrase stands at that turn. His contrast is clear enough, but assigning idle leisure decisively to Socrates would make the syntax more definite than it is.
The places. Idle leisure appears at the transition from Socrates to destructive solitude. (p. 90; DJR-038-18.)
In this edition. “otiosum otium” → “idle leisure” (DJR-038-18). The literal equivalent preserves the repeated idea of unoccupied time. The abrupt transition remains rather than being resolved by an explanatory addition.
Lenitive
Source forms: lenitive; lenitives
The word. Lenitive means easing or soothing. In the prescription of electuaries it has the more specific sense of gently laxative; in the spiritual medical metaphor it names a soothing remedy.
In Burton. The regimen supplies medical help where ordinary evacuation fails. Later, Scripture is compared to an apothecary’s shop containing many different classes of remedies, among which lenitives soothe the afflicted mind. The shared idea of relief takes its precise sense from each setting.
The places. Lenitive electuaries assist evacuation. (p. 237; DJR-071-28.) Lenitives are part of the metaphorical pharmacy of Scripture. (p. 283; DJR-081-36.)
In this edition. “lenitive electuaries” → “laxative electuaries” (DJR-071-28); “lenitives” → “soothing remedies” (DJR-081-36). Laxative identifies the intended bodily action. Soothing remedies preserves the broader sense in the theological comparison.
See also. Alteratives.
Ligation and ligature
Source forms: ligation; ligatures
The word. Ligation means binding or suspension. A ligature can be a binding or tied-on charm. The common idea of binding takes a physiological sense in sleep and a magical sense in the catalogue of purported remedies.
In Burton. Burton explains sleep through a suspension of the senses caused by vapours blocking the passage of bodily spirits. In the discussion of cures, ligatures stand beside spells, images, amulets and love potions as means whose efficacy and lawfulness are questioned.